1:19 PM 4/4/2020 - Cluster Analysis of Coronavirus cases in the U.S.: The hypothesis of transmission by the fecal aerosols to respiratory tract

By Michael Novakhov (Mike Nova) April 04, 2020

Coronavirus in the U.S.: Latest Map and Case Count - The New York ...

https://tweetsandnews.blogspot.com/2020/04/119-pm-442020-cluster-analysis-of.html

Cluster Analysis of Coronavirus cases in the U.S.: The hypothesis of transmission by the fecal aerosols to respiratory tract (by the infectious "toilet plumes", and/or due to plumbing problems, creating such aerosols, e.g. dysfunctioning "vent pipes"), dispersed by the central ventilation, heating, or air conditioning systems, and including possibly intentionally contaminated food as the source and origin.

The largest and the most clearly defined clusters of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) cases in the U.S., by the places of occurrence, are:

Nursing Homes and similar facilities,
Prisons and jails,
And large ships.

CASES CONNECTED TO	CASES
Cook County Jail; Chicago	270
Travel overseas	178
Travel within the U.S.	175
Life Care nursing facility; Kirkland, Wash.	129
Community in New Rochelle, N.Y.	119
Gallatin Center for Rehabilitation and Healing; Gallatin, Tenn.	115
Biogen conference in Boston	109
Pleasant View Nursing Home; Mount Airy, Md.	95
The Resort at Texas City nursing home; Texas City, Texas	83
Aboard the U.S.S. Theodore Roosevelt; Guam	70
Golden Crest Nursing Centre; North Providence, R.I.	58
Cedar Mountain Post Acute Care Facility; Yucaipa, Calif.	57
Oak Hill Center nursing home; Pawtucket, R.I.	54
Travel in Egypt	52
Parnall Correctional Facility; Jackson, Mich.	50
Signature HealthCARE long-term care; Cookeville, Tenn.	44
Careage of Whidbey; Coupeville, Wash.	44
Diamond Princess cruise ship	43
Long-term care facility; DuPage County, Ill.	42
Lambeth House senior living facility; New Orleans	42
Travel in Italy	39
First Assembly of God; Greers Ferry, Ark.	37
Metron long-term care; Cedar Springs, Mich.	36
Peconic Landing long-term care; Greenport, N.Y.	33
Macomb Correctional Facility; Lenox, Mich.	33
Shuksan Healthcare Center; Bellingham, Wash.	32
Family of Caring nursing home; Montclair, N.J.	30
St. Joseph's Senior Nursing Home; Woodbridge, N.J.	29
Sundale Rehabilitation and Long-Term Care; Morgantown, W.Va.	28
Spring break trip from Austin, Texas, to Mexico	28
Skagit Valley Chorale practice; Mount Vernon, Wash.	27
Orinda Care medical center; Orinda, Calif.	27
Federal Correctional Institution; Danbury, Conn.	26
Fairacres Manor long-term care; Greeley, Colo.	26
Sunrise View Assisted Living; Everett, Wash.	25
La Vida Llena long-term care; Albuquerque, N.M.	25
Carter House assisted living; Blair, Neb.	23
Federal Correctional Complex; Oakdale, La.	22
Heritage Specialty Care; Cedar Rapids, Iowa	21
Grand Princess cruise in March	21
Grand Princess cruise in February	21
Riverbend Post Acute Care Center; Kansas City, Kan.	19
Josephine Caring Community; Stanwood, Wash.	18
Douglas County Health Center; Omaha	18
A. Holly Patterson Extended Care Facility; Uniondale, N.Y.	18
Soldiers' Home in Holyoke; Holyoke, Mass.	16
Life Care Center of Burlington; Burlington, Kan.	16
Laurel Brook Rehabilitation and Healthcare Center; Mt. Laurel, N.J.	16
Federal Correctional Complex; Lompoc, Calif.	16
Edward C. Allworth Veterans' Home; Lebanon, Ore.	16
Canterbury Rehabilitation Healthcare Center; Henrico, Va.	16
Travel in China	15
Lakeland Correctional Facility; Coldwater, Mich.	14
Birchwood Terrace rehabilitation center; Burlington, Vt.	14
Rolling Meadows Senior Living facility; Taylorville, Ill.	13
Briarwood Nursing Home and Rehab; Little Rock, Ark.	13
Atria Willow Wood assisted living; Fort Lauderdale, Fla.	13
Women's Huron Valley Correctional Facility; Ypsilanti, Mich.	12
Upper Valley Medical Center; Troy, Ohio	12
Southeast Nursing and Rehabilitation Center; San Antonio	12
Federal Medical Center prison facility; Butner, N.C.	12
California Institution for Men prison; Chino, Calif.	12

____________________________________________

These places have these features in common:
Closed public spaces.
Specific sanitation issues, especially in the nursing homes; public toilets, often without lids, and very often equipped with the power flush devices.
And the centralized ventilation - heating - air conditioning systems.

Generically, these types of locations can be summarized as any closed public space with power flush toilets and centralized ventilation, such as office buildings, shopping malls, schools, hospitals, places of worship, etc., etc.

It is very likely, that the stools of the Coronavirus patients and the asymptomatic carriers are infectious in the aerosol form, and it was hypothesized that this particular mode of transmission: fecal aerosol to the respiratory system, might be responsible for the rapid spread of the disease. It was also discerned that this particular fecal - respiratory rout was the mechanism of the infection spread due to the malfunctioning plumbing systems in Hong Kong buildings, both during the SARS epidemic in 2003, in Amoy Gardens, and in the current COVID-19 Pandemic.

The centralized ventilation systems are capable of dispersing the infectious aerosols throughout the large spaces, and this might explain the simultaneous outbreaks.

The infectious material, hypothetically, may be the contaminant in food, the occasional, when the aerosol settles on it randomly, or the deliberate and intentional, as in the acts of Bioterrorism.
The symptomatic or asymptomatic carriers excrete the infectious material in stools, repeating the cycles and spreading the infection.

This hypothesis has to be researched and checked out, including experimentally.

The practical conclusions and measures are evident:

Examine all the existing and potential epicenters for possible plumbing problems, including the possible sabotage, and fix them.

Replace the new power flush toilets with the old ones, wherever possible, and work on more healthy, less hazardous design.

Do not use the centralized ventilation system, at least for now, and replace it with the better design in the future.

Investigate the possible malicious, criminal, intentional aspects of the epidemic.

Reassess treatment and prevention strategies.

Consider replacing the heads of the health agencies, indirectly responsible for the Pandemic: WHO, NIH, definitely NIAID - Fauci, and possibly others.

Invest into better, in-depth studies of the Coronaviruses, their possible uses in Biowarfare, and other, general aspects of the Bioterrorism and their intersections with infectious diseases.

The likes of the present disaster cannot be allowed to happen again, we have to learn the lessons, and to put in place the effective preventive mechanisms, wherever and whenever possible.

Michael Novakhov | 2:02 PM 4/4/2020
_____________________________________

Links

Scientists say COVID-19 can come from 'aerosolized feces'
Saturday April 4th, 2020 at 4:57 PM

Kenneth Garger – New York Post

Scientists say coronavirus can spread through ‘aerosolized feces’

By Kenneth Garger

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Closing the toilet lid is highly recommended amid the coronavirus outbreak, according to a report, as a group of researchers have found that the bug can spread through fecal matter that escapes from the bowl during a flush.

The disease caused by the coronavirus, which scientists had already warned can be spread from fecal-oral transmission, can also be transmitted via “aerosolized feces,” according to Forbes, citing a study published by the Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology.

Aerosolized feces can be propelled into the air through what’s called a toilet plume — the spread of aerosols, sometimes containing infectious fecal matter, caused by a flush.

“Close the lid and then flush,” a mechanical engineering professor from Purdue University, Dr. Qingyan Chen, told Forbes. He said it was a simple solution to help control the spread of the disease through toilet plumes.

Chen told the outlet that closing the lid can prevent 80 percent of the fecal particles from escaping into the air.

Read the whole story

· · · ·

Experts Warn Of Fecal-Oral Transmission Of COVID-19
Saturday April 4th, 2020 at 4:55 PM

Alexandra Sternlicht

Topline: While scientists have warned that COVID-19 can be spread by fecal-oral transmission (hence the importance of post-bathroom hand washing) the disease can also be spread through what is known as "aerosolized feces" which means that it's more important than ever to close the lid of the toilet while flushing, according to experts.

Because of a phenomenon known as toilet plume, stool or urine can escape from the toilet into the air and spread disease, according to the Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology.
Qingyan Chen, Purdue’s James. G. Dwyer Professor of Mechanical Engineering at Purdue University, told Forbes there’s one “very easy way to help prevent the spread of coronavirus: “Close the lid and then flush.”
80% of particles that escape from fecal matter into the air can be prevented by closing the lid when flushing, Chen told Forbes.
To avoid getting COVID-19 when using a public bathroom you should wash your hands, then flush (using gloves or paper towel to avoid contact with the handle) to minimize contamination period—and wait one to two minutes to use a public bathroom after someone has finished, says Chen.
The danger of fecal-oral transmission is higher for symptomatic people, so if you share a bathroom with a COVID-19 positive individual, disinfect the entire washroom with alcohol or ultraviolet light between uses, Chen also advises.
A study from the City University of Hong Kong found that: “A toilet flush can release up to 80,000 polluted droplets and leave them suspended a metre in the air for hours if the lid is left up,” according to the South China Morning Post.
The researcher of this study, Alvin Lai said that “covering the toilet lid while flushing is definitely essential, but it should not be considered a complete prevention,” and advised households to regularly clean bathrooms with diluted bleach, use ventilation and close the bathroom doors when not in use.

Key Background: There are four methods of COVID-19 transmission: (1) direct contact or indirect contact (i.e. someone breathing on you or sharing a drink) (2) Droplets, which can be in a cough or skin-to-skin contact (3) Airborne, with COVID-19 passing through the air or via ventilation (4) oral-fecal transmission, meaning that contagions from fecal matter is inadvertently ingested. Though direct or indirect transmission is most likely candidate for transmission, according to Chen, there is no substantial research to trace origins of COVID-19 transmission on a per patient basis.

Qingyan Chen has studied virus spread through transit ventilation systems and is developing a ventilation system that would prevent the spread of pathogens with individuals only breathing their own air, according to Purdue University.

Read the whole story

· ·

Study: COVID-19 Is Also Spread by Fecal-Oral Route
Saturday April 4th, 2020 at 4:51 PM

Illustrated coronaviruses over a photo of a flushing toilet

New research from China indicates that the novel coronavirus is also spread by fecal-oral transmission, not just by respiratory droplets or environmental contact.

Hong Shan, MD, PhD, of Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, in Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, and colleagues noted that the gastrointestinal tract is a welcoming environment for the virus, also known as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) CoV-2. "Our immunofluorescent data showed that the ACE2 protein, which has been proved to be a cell receptor for SARS-CoV-2, is abundantly expressed in the glandular cells of gastric, duodenal, and rectal epithelia, supporting the entry of SARS-CoV-2 into the host cell," the team wrote.

Among the key findings of the study, published online in Gastroenterology:

A significant portion of coronavirus patients experience diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and/or abdominal discomfort before the onset of respiratory symptoms

Viral RNA is detectable in fecal samples from suspected cases, indicating that the virus sheds into the stool

Viral gastrointestinal infection and potential fecal-oral transmission can last even after viral clearance from the respiratory tract

The study looked at 73 patients hospitalized for possible COVID-19 and tested from February 1 to 14, 2020. Testing included serum, nasopharyngeal, and oropharyngeal swabs, as well as urine, stool, and tissue samples in accordance with China Disease Control and Prevention guidelines.

A total of 39 patients (53.4%; 25 males and 14 females), tested positive for fecal SARS-CoV-2 RNA. The age of patients with positive RNA in stool ranged from 10 months to 78 years, and the duration of stool positivity ranged from 1 to 12 days. Furthermore, the stool of 17 patients (23.3%) remained positive even after respiratory samples tested negative.

Intracellular staining of viral nucleocapsid protein in gastric, duodenal, and rectal epithelia showed that the virus infected glandular epithelial cells in these areas, the researchers reported. "The continuous positive detection of the viral RNA from feces suggests that the infectious virions are secreted from the virus-infected gastrointestinal cells."

"Therefore, we strongly recommend that rRT-PCR [reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction] testing for SARS-CoV-2 from feces should be performed routinely in SARS-CoV-2 patients, and Transmission-Based Precautions for hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 patients should continue if feces tests positive by rRT-PCR testing," Shan and co-authors advised.

Asked for his perspective, Douglas A. Corley, MD, PhD, of Kaiser Permanente San Francisco Medical Center and the University of California San Francisco, who was not involved with the research, told MedPage Today: "A better understanding of how this virus is transmitted is key to preventing its spread. These observations may also help in improving how the disease is diagnosed through testing for the presence of virus in the stool of patients suspected of harboring this virus."

Also commenting, Peter Hotez, MD, of the National School of Tropical Medicine at Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, said the study adds to scientific discussions about whether gastrointestinal transmissions are relevant to the novel coronavirus infections, "especially in light of clinical descriptions of COVID-19 patients admitted to surgical wards in Wuhan who were thought to have abdominal emergencies."

"It is a potentially important finding of relevance to the emergence of COVID-19 globally, but the exact extent of gastrointestinal transmission of the virus remains unclear," Hotez told MedPage Today.

He added that whether fecal oral transmission is common or uncommon therefore requires additional investigation: "Also unclear is the significance of detection of viral RNA in the feces of patients with pulmonary disease, including those patients who were found to be PCR-negative in their respiratory secretions. The authors speculate that this might suggest that such patients may continue to transmit SARS-CoV-2, but this also requires further study," said Hotez, who was not involved in the study.

In a second paper posted on the same day in the journal, Jinyang Gu, MD, of Xinhua Hospital of Jiao Tong University in Shanghai, and colleagues noted that evidence from the 2003 SARS epidemic also showed enteric involvement and the presence of virus in the stool of patients even after discharge from hospital. Interestingly, the team said, the first confirmed case of COVID-19 in the U.S., which occurred in Washington state, reported a 2-day history of nausea and vomiting on admission, followed by a loose bowel movement on the second day of hospitalization. The viral nucleic acids of loose stool and both respiratory specimens from this patient later tested positive.

Gu's group also noted recent reports of mild to moderate liver injury in COVID-19 patients, including elevated aminotransferases, hypoproteinemia, and prothrombin time prolongation, while in the SARS epidemic of 2003, as many as 60% of patients had liver impairment.

"The presence of viral nucleic acids of SARS in liver tissue confirmed the coronavirus direct infection in liver, and percutaneous liver biopsies of SARS showed conspicuous mitoses and apoptosis along with atypical features such as acidophilic bodies, ballooning of hepatocytes, and lobular activities without fibrin deposition or fibrosis," Gu and co-authors wrote. "Altogether, many efforts should be made to be alert [to] the initial digestive symptoms of COVID-19 for early detection, early diagnosis, early isolation, and early intervention."

Disclosures

The study was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.

Xiao and colleagues reported having no competing interests.

Gu and co-authors disclosed no competing interests.

Corley and Hotez reported having no competing interests in relation to their comments.

Additional Source

Source Reference:

Read the whole story

· · · · · ·

Lifting the lid on toilet plume aerosol: A literature review with suggestions for future research
Saturday April 4th, 2020 at 4:49 PM

Am J Infect Control. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2015 Dec 28.

Published in final edited form as:

Am J Infect Control. 2013 Mar; 41(3): 254–258.

Published online 2012 Oct 5. doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2012.04.330

PMCID: PMC4692156

NIHMSID: NIHMS746087

PMID: 23040490

Lifting the lid on toilet plume aerosol: A literature review with suggestions for future research

David L. Johnson, PhD,a,* Kenneth R. Mead, PhD,b Robert A. Lynch, PhD,a and Deborah V.L. Hirst, PhDb

Author information Copyright and License information Disclaimer

The publisher's final edited version of this article is available at Am J Infect Control

See other articles in PMC that cite the published article.

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Abstract

Background

The potential risks associated with “toilet plume” aerosols produced by flush toilets is a subject of continuing study. This review examines the evidence regarding toilet plume bioaerosol generation and infectious disease transmission.

Methods

The peer-reviewed scientific literature was searched to identify articles related to aerosol production during toilet flushing, as well as epidemiologic studies examining the potential role of toilets in infectious disease outbreaks.

Results

The studies demonstrate that potentially infectious aerosols may be produced in substantial quantities during flushing. Aerosolization can continue through multiple flushes to expose subsequent toilet users. Some of the aerosols desiccate to become droplet nuclei and remain adrift in the air currents. However, no studies have yet clearly demonstrated or refuted toilet plume-related disease transmission, and the significance of the risk remains largely uncharacterized.

Conclusion

Research suggests that toilet plume could play a contributory role in the transmission of infectious diseases. Additional research in multiple areas is warranted to assess the risks posed by toilet plume, especially within health care facilities.

Keywords: Aerosol, Droplet nuclei, Airborne infection, Bioaerosol

An association between inhalable bioaerosols produced from disturbed sewage and the transmission of infectious disease has been proposed for over 100 years. However, little study has been devoted to characterizing the potential risks posed by the “toilet plume” aerosols created by toilet flushing. We summarize the related scientific literature and identify gaps in the knowledge base, addressing the following questions: (1) “Do flush toilets produce potentially infectious aerosols?” (2) “Do toilet plume aerosols pose a risk for the spread of infectious disease?” and (3) “What future research is needed to further characterize the risks of exposure to toilet plume aerosols within a health care setting?”

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DO FLUSH TOILETS PRODUCE POTENTIALLY INFECTIOUS AEROSOLS?

The potential for airborne transmission of sewage-related infectious disease was demonstrated by Horrocks over 100 years ago1 when he cultured airborne microorganisms from sewage drain systems and also detected airborne transport from one hospital building to another via the sewer drains. Similar results were seen by others including Andrewes.

Bioaerosol production during toilet flushing was first reported in the 1950s by Jessen,3 who “seeded” several types of toilets with Serratia marcescens (then termed Bacillus prodigiosus) and measured bioaerosols produced by flushing. Agar-filled “settle plates” caught bioaerosols that fell out of the air because of gravity, and a Bourdillon slit impactor collected air samples. Cistern-fed, gravity-flow toilets and a mains-fed pressure-valve toilet were examined. In addition to colonies found on the floor-based settle plates, microbes were still being captured from the air 8 minutes after the flush, indicating collection of “droplet nuclei” bioaerosols. Droplet nuclei are the tiny particles that remain after the water in a droplet evaporates. They have negligible settling velocity and will float with natural air currents.5 Jessen observed that the amount of bioaerosol increased with increasing flush energy.3

Darlow and Bale seeded a “wash-down” type toilet with S marcescens and sampled air above the toilet with liquid impingers and a Bourdillon impactor. A wash-down toilet releases the flush water from the toilet rim where it flows down the bowl walls and washes the waste into the S-shaped exit trapway.7 Bioaerosol was detected in samples collected above the toilet 5 to 7 minutes after the flush, indicating droplet nuclei bioaerosol. Despite over 99% reductions in bowl water microbial concentrations with each flush, air samples indicated only 50% to 60% bioaerosol reductions. They concluded that this was at least partially attributable to a reduction in the number of bacteria per droplet rather than a reduction in the number of droplets containing bacteria because both a multi-organism droplet and a single-organism droplet would appear as 1 colony when deposited on an impactor agar plate.

Siphonic toilets, which feature a submerged jet that propels the waste into the trapway to initiate a siphon action that clears the waste, have generally replaced wash-down models. Bound and Atkinson found that the higher energy siphonic toilet produced approximately 1/14th as much bioaerosol as the wash-down design for the same flush volume. Newsom also demonstrated higher bioaerosol production with higher flush energy when he compared high and low cistern toilets seeded with homogenized feces or suspensions of various bacteria.

Gerba et al seeded a siphonic gravity-flow toilet with Escherichia coli and sequentially placed 3 arrays of settle plates on the floor around the toilet, with each set exposed for 2 hours. For the first sample set (0–2 hours), cultured bacteria were predominantly from plates near the toilet, whereas, in later sample sets (2–4 and 4–6 hours), the positive plates were more randomly distributed around the room. This was consistent with an initial deposition of large droplets close to the toilet immediately after the flush, followed by dispersion and mixing of the droplet nuclei into the air with delayed deposition throughout the room. The E coli bioaerosol remained airborne and viable for at least 4 to 6 hours postflush.

Barker and Bloomfield seeded a gravity-flow toilet with Salmonella enteritidis PT4 and collected surface wipe and air samples after flushing. They observed contamination of the toilet seat and the underside of the lid and also cultured Salmonella from the air sample. They detected Salmonella in the bowl water after 12 days and in biofilm below the bowl waterline for 50 days after seeding, which suggested a possible role of biofilm as a long-term reservoir and active source of pathogenic organisms in the bowl water.

Barker and Jones seeded a toilet with S marcescens or MS2 bacteriophage. Air samples were collected in front of and above the toilet seat with the toilet seat lid open. They also exposed settle plates at 5 locations around the toilet, including 2 above and behind the seat. Bioaerosols were present up to 60 minutes after flushing, and all settle plates were positive for all test conditions and sampling locations, demonstrating droplet nuclei bioaerosol. They also examined toilet bowl clearance and bioaerosol production during sequential flushes without reseeding, with results similar to those of Darlow and Bale, Newsom, and Gerba et al in that bioaerosol concentration did not decrease in proportion to bowl water concentration.

Recently, Best et al flushed a toilet seeded with fecal suspensions of Clostridium difficile. Settle plates were placed near the toilet and air was sampled at seat height, flush handle height, and midway in-between, with the toilet lid both up and down. Settle plates showed widespread dissemination of large droplets with the lid up but not with the lid down. C difficile was recovered from air sampled at heights up to 25 cm above the toilet seat and up to 90 minutes after flushing, at concentrations 12-fold greater with the lid up than with the lid down. They concluded that lidless conventional toilets increase the risk of C difficile environmental contamination and thus discouraged their use. In the United States, however, this would contradict current Uniform Plumbing Code specifications regarding toilet seat design and the installation of toilet seat lids on health care and other public facility “water closets”14 as well as similar requirements for gap-front seats without cover for water closets in the US Veterans Administration specifications often cited for health care facility design.15

It may be concluded from the above that flush toilets produce substantial quantities of toilet plume aerosol capable of entraining microorganisms at least as large as bacteria, that sufficiently small microbe-laden droplets will evaporate to form droplet nuclei bioaerosols small enough to be inhaled deep into the lung, and that these bioaerosols may remain viable in the air for extended periods and travel with air currents. Production of these bioaerosols during multiple flushes after contamination suggests a long-term potential for a contaminated toilet to be an infectious bioaerosol generator.

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DOES TOILET PLUME POSE A RISK FOR THE SPREAD OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE?

Contact transmission risk because of surface contamination by flush droplets

A number of studies have demonstrated the contamination of toilet seats and lids, the surrounding floors, and the nearby surfaces by toilet flush aerosols.3,,,,,,16 Because both the vomit and feces of infected persons may contain extremely high pathogen concentrations, eg, 105 to 109 Shigella, 104 to 108 Salmonella, and 108 to 109 norovirus per gram of stool and at least 106 norovirus per milliliter of vomit, some fraction of the aerosol droplets produced during toilet flushing may be expected to contain microbes.

A critical determinant of the infection risk posed by a deposited pathogen will be the organism’s ability to survive on a surface. Many pathogens, including Shigella, E coli, C difficile, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus, and norovirus can survive on surfaces for weeks or even months. These pathogens can also be present in vomit or stools of infected persons.

In 1956, Hutchinson associated the transmission of Sonne dysentery with Shigella contamination on toilet seats, and a number of subsequent field studies have detected contamination on toilet seats and surrounding surfaces with fecal organisms.,,, Thorough cleaning and disinfection of environmental surfaces in health care facilities is a foundational component of infection control programs, and disinfection is particularly important because many studies have shown that microbial surface contamination (including C difficile, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus [MRSA]) may persist even after cleaning.– The limits of environmental cleaning in preventing spread of viral disease are apparent with acute gastroenteritis (AGE). AGE is frequently caused by norovirus, and the diarrhea and vomiting typically associated with AGE as well as the high viral loads in both stools and vomit suggest a likely toilet role in disease transmission. Environmental contamination has been shown to be a major source of AGE infection on ships,– including during sequential voyages of a cruise ship in spite of aggressive sanitation efforts and a documented history of good Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Vessel Sanitation Program inspection scores. This may be due in part to the ability of toilets to continue generating contaminated toilet plume during multiple flushes after original contamination as well as the apparent resistance of norovirus and perhaps other viruses to cleaning and disinfection. Gerba et al observed that MS2 bacteriophage and poliovirus were not completely cleared from a toilet even after 7 flushes and that scrubbing with or without addition of a surfactant to the water was only minimally effective in eliminating these residual organisms. The manner in which cleaning and disinfection is performed is also important in ensuring complete disinfection of surfaces, especially when surfaces are heavily contaminated.

Airborne transmission risk because of toilet plume droplet nuclei

Although Chapin dismissed the airborne route as unimportant in his 1912 review of infectious disease transmission,38 by the 1960s it was accepted that droplet nuclei microbial aerosols were important in the transmission of many infectious diseases in both indoor and outdoor environments.,40 We now understand that whether pathogenic droplet nuclei bioaerosols actually cause infection and disease will depend on numerous factors including the organism’s viability under existing environmental conditions, the size and chemical composition of the droplet nuclei matrix, the number of organisms inhaled and their virulence, and the exposed person’s immune status.40

A number of diseases are known or suspected to be transmissible by the airborne route. However, most are either not transmissible from human to human or are not present in feces or vomit and so are not relevant to the present discussion. Toilet-related pathogens that are of interest include those causing gastroenteritis, and a number of gastroenteritis-causing bacteria, protozoa, and especially viruses will be shed in stool and vomit. Giardia and Cryptosporidium protozoa may be present in feces, have low infective dose, and are stable in the environment, but aerosolization of oocyst-containing droplet nuclei has not been documented. Gram-negative bacteria, with the notable exception of Legionella, are susceptible to drying and do not usually spread by the airborne route. The gram-positive MRSA is an airborne nosocomial infection concern, but the potential for toilet plume bioaerosols to cause nosocomial MRSA infection has not yet been assessed.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) appears to be most efficiently transmitted via droplet nuclei and is an occupational hazard to health care workers as well as a nosocomial infection hazard to patients. TB affects primarily the lungs, but TB bacilli can also be swallowed in sputum to infect the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. At least 21% of 2009 US TB cases involved this “extrapulmonary” infection including infection of the GI tract,46 although perhaps less than 5% of all TB cases involve lower GI tract infection. The bacilli can survive intestinal transit to be shed in stool,, and, because one of the symptoms of GI TB is diarrhea, there appears to be a possibility of aerosolizing infectious TB droplet nuclei in toilet flush aerosol. M tuberculosis is a lipid-rich, hydrophobic bacterium, and hydrophobic bacteria have been shown to concentrate on the surface of aqueous suspensions, and to be aerosolized with even slight disturbance of liquid surfaces.,

The most significant toilet plume airborne infection risks are likely to be due to viruses, and perhaps the most significant of these is norovirus. Norovirus accounts for 73% to 95% of nonbacterial gastroenteritis outbreaks and half of all gastroenteritis outbreaks, worldwide. It may also be transmitted in aerosol and has a low infectious dose. It is shed both before and after—sometimes long after—the symptomatic phase of infection, is resistant to inactivation, and can persist on environmental surfaces for extended periods.– Diarrhea and vomiting are both common with norovirus AGE, so both the use of toilets by infected persons and the toilet disposal of feces or vomit by other persons could produce norovirus bioaerosols.

Another important viral pathogen is the SARS coronavirus (SARS CoV), which is known to be shed in both feces– and vomit. A number of studies (discussed below) have suggested that it can be spread by the airborne route,–64 and, although not presently a common disease, it has demonstrated its potential for explosive spread and high mortality.

Novel influenza A virus H1N1 has also demonstrated some important epidemiologic features that indicate a potential for airborne transmission via toilet plume. Seasonal influenza does not normally present with diarrhea or vomiting, but each had a prevalence of 25% in the first 642 US cases and 17% and 22%, respectively, among the first 938 US cases diagnosed during the 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza outbreak. It has been measured in respirable-size aerosol in health care and other facilities,, has been detected in both stools and urine of H1N1 patients even in the absence of significant GI symptoms, and has shown a potential for extended virus shedding in stool. The presence of H1N1 in vomit seems likely, and, although no report documenting this was found, a suggestive study by Papenburg et al noted that the likelihood of H1N1 transmission in a household was greatest for patients with both diarrhea and vomiting.

Epidemiologic studies of disease outbreaks possibly related to toilet plume

Widdowson et al investigated AGE among passengers on an 8-hour international flight on which 8 of 14 flight crew members experienced vomiting and diarrhea. No episodes of diarrhea or vomiting occurred outside of a restroom, and there were no reported indications of restroom soiling with vomit or feces. Passengers who developed probable norovirus illness 18 to 60 hours after disembarkation were found to have visited a restroom significantly more often than noncases. The authors concluded that “inapparent environmental contamination” may have been an exposure source.

Ho et al studied an outbreak of viral AGE during a transatlantic passenger ship voyage. They compared disease frequency in cabins varying from 1 to 4 occupants either having or not having a private bathroom and showed an increasing AGE risk with increasing number of occupants where a private bathroom was available as compared with cabins where one was not available. AGE incidence among those using communal bathrooms correlated significantly with the bathroom usage density. It was also shown that, in cabins with multiple occupants, the risk of a second person developing disease was higher in cabins where the first person had vomited, even though none of the subsequent cases either assisted the ill person or cleaned up the vomit. Presence in the room when vomiting actually occurred also did not appear to matter. The authors concluded that person-to-person and aerosol routes were the likely modes of transmission, with vomit being implicated as a source, and suggested that contact spread was facilitated by contaminated communal bathrooms.

Marks et al studied restaurant diners who developed AGE following nonprojectile vomiting by the source diner and showed a pattern of decreasing attack rate with increasing distance from the source: 91% at the source’s table; 71% and 56% at the 2 adjacent tables, respectively; and lower rates farther away. This study strongly implicated airborne norovirus transmission by vomit aerosol and thus the likelihood of airborne transmissibility by toilet plume aerosol contaminated with vomit.

Epidemiologic, experimental, and modeling studies of SARS are among the most compelling indicators of the potential for toilet plume to cause airborne disease transmission. A report on the 2003 SARS outbreak in Hong Kong’s Amoy Gardens apartment complex concluded that exposure and disease propagation was likely due to virus-laden aerosols originating in the sanitary system.64 The system was contaminated with SARS CoV when the index patient, who was suffering from diarrhea, visited one of the apartments and used the toilet. Sewer drain bioaerosol was believed to be drawn through dry floor drain U-tube traps into the bathrooms of other apartments by bathroom exhaust fans, and some may have then been exhausted to the outside of the multistory building and carried upward to other apartments. Prevailing winds were thought to be responsible for carrying the infectious aerosol to nearby buildings where cases also occurred.,75 These studies suggest that SARS CoV droplet nuclei bioaerosols produced from contaminated sewage may have been highly infectious for significant periods and over long distances. Because the infectious waste, whether feces or vomit, is most concentrated in the toilet bowl and substantial quantities of aerosol are known to be produced during flushing, it might reasonably be expected that infectious SARS CoV droplet nuclei bioaerosol would also be produced during toilet flushing. To date, however, this has not been either experimentally or epidemiologically demonstrated.

No epidemiologic studies of the 2009 H1N1 pandemic have conclusively shown airborne transmission via droplet nuclei, and the primary transmission mode is still considered to be by contact with large particle respiratory droplets or contaminated surfaces. Studies involving confined environment exposures in aircraft and buses concluded that the airborne route did not appear to be an important transmission mode,– in contrast to the high influenza transmission rate observed on an older aircraft with poor ventilation. Although these epidemiologic studies have not demonstrated airborne infection, 2 recent environmental studies measured influenza A virus in respirable size aerosols collected in health care facilities, day care centers, and aircraft., This finding, the shedding of influenza virus in stool and perhaps vomit, and the prevalence of diarrhea and vomiting in Novel H1N1 patients encourage exploration of the potential for toilet plume to contain infectious virus-containing droplet nuclei aerosols.

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WHAT FUTURE RESEARCH IS NEEDED TO FURTHER CHARACTERIZE THE RISKS OF EXPOSURE TO TOILET PLUME?

Epidemiologic and laboratory studies provide evidence that potentially infectious aerosols may be produced during flushing of toilets contaminated with vomit or diarrhea from infected persons. Further assessment of the airborne infection risk requires research to address the following questions: (1) What are the physical properties of toilet plume? (2) How much toilet plume is produced, and which toilet design or operating characteristics most influence aerosol production? (3) How persistent are flush-generated droplet nuclei bioaerosols in the air? (4) Can infection be transmitted by toilet flush droplet nuclei bioaerosols, and, if so, what are the airborne concentrations and dispersion patterns of flush-generated pathogenic droplet nuclei bioaerosols in health care environments? (5) What interventions or practices might prove effective in controlling toilet plume bioaerosols?

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SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

Contaminated toilets have been clearly shown to produce large droplet and droplet nuclei bioaerosols during flushing, and research suggests that this toilet plume could play an important role in the transmission of infectious diseases for which the pathogen is shed in feces or vomit. The possible role of toilet plume in airborne transmission of norovirus, SARS, and pandemic influenza is of particular interest. Additional research is needed to assess the exposure risk posed by toilet flush bioaerosols in health care facilities.

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Footnotes

Conflicts of interest: None to report.

The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Mention of company names and/or products does not constitute endorsement by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

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Coronavirus in US nursing homes - Google Search google.com/search?q=Coron… Posted by mikenov on Saturday, April 4th, 2020 4:40pm mikenov on Twitter

» Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning - Wikipedia
04/04/20 12:38 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
Michael_Novakhov shared this story from Wikipedia - Recent changes [en]. Airborne diseases [ edit ] Natural ventilation is a key factor in reducing the spread of airborne illnesses such as tuberculosis, the common cold, influenza and men...

» mikenov on Twitter: ...contaminants related to characteristics of heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems.Risk factors in heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning systems for occupant symptoms in US office buildings: the US EPA BASE s
04/04/20 12:35 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
...contaminants related to characteristics of heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems. Risk factors in heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning systems for occupant symptoms in US office buildings: the US EPA BASE stu...

» mikenov on Twitter: Risk factors in heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning systems for occupant symptoms in US office buildings: the US EPA BASE study. - PubMed - NCBI ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18492050
04/04/20 12:34 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
Risk factors in heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning systems for occupant symptoms in US office buildings: the US EPA BASE study. - PubMed - NCBI ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18492050 Posted by mikenov on Saturday, April 4th, 2020 4:34p...

» mikenov on Twitter: ...Epidemiological studies indicate transmission of norovirus in passenger airplanes[2] and ships,[3] and SARS coronavirus through a contaminated building sewage system,[4] via contaminated toilets rather than other routesToilet plume
04/04/20 12:27 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
...Epidemiological studies indicate transmission of norovirus in passenger airplanes[2] and ships,[3] and SARS coronavirus through a contaminated building sewage system,[4] via contaminated toilets rather than other routes Toilet plume -...

» mikenov on Twitter: A toilet plume is the dispersal of microscopic particles as a result of flushing a toilet... Specific pathogens such as norovirus or SARS coronavirus could potentially be spread by toilet aerosols... Toilet plume - Wikipedia en.wikipe
04/04/20 12:25 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
A toilet plume is the dispersal of microscopic particles as a result of flushing a toilet... Specific pathogens such as norovirus or SARS coronavirus could potentially be spread by toilet aerosols... Toilet plume - Wikipedia en.wikipedia...

» Toilet plume - Wikipedia
04/04/20 12:24 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
Michael_Novakhov shared this story from Wikipedia - Recent changes [en]. Toilet plume From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search Dispersal of microscopic particles from flushing toilet A toilet plume is the d...

» Impact of the 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic on prisons - Wikipedia
04/04/20 12:05 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
Michael_Novakhov shared this story from Wikipedia - Recent changes [en]. New York [ edit ] After a guard and a prisoner tested positive for coronavirus at Rikers Island prison, New York City Mayor Bill de Blasio said that city officials ...

» mikenov on Twitter: Coronavirus cases in US jails and prisons - Google Search google.com/search?q=Coron…
04/04/20 11:59 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
Coronavirus cases in US jails and prisons - Google Search google.com/search?q=Coron… Posted by mikenov on Saturday, April 4th, 2020 3:59pm mikenov on Twitter

» Cook County Jail - Wikipedia
04/04/20 11:43 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
Michael_Novakhov shared this story from Wikipedia - Recent changes [en]. U.S. Department of Justice report [ edit ] In July 2008, the civil rights division of the United States Department of Justice released a report finding that the Eig...

» mikenov on Twitter: Coronavirus Update (Live): 1,139,173 Cases and 61,149 Deaths from COVID-19 Virus Outbreak - Worldometer worldometers.info/coronavirus/
04/04/20 10:06 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
Coronavirus Update (Live): 1,139,173 Cases and 61,149 Deaths from COVID-19 Virus Outbreak - Worldometer worldometers.info/coronavirus/ Posted by mikenov on Saturday, April 4th, 2020 2:06pm mikenov on Twitter

» mikenov on Twitter: coronavirus: is stool infectious? - Google Search google.com/search?q=coron…
04/04/20 09:58 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
coronavirus: is stool infectious? - Google Search google.com/search?q=coron… Posted by mikenov on Saturday, April 4th, 2020 1:58pm mikenov on Twitter

» mikenov on Twitter: Half of the patients tested had developed antibodies by day 7 following symptom onset; antibodies were detected in all patients after two weeks. sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/…
04/04/20 09:34 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
Half of the patients tested had developed antibodies by day 7 following symptom onset; antibodies were detected in all patients after two weeks. sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/… Posted by mikenov on Saturday, April 4th, 2020 1:34pm miken...

» mikenov on Twitter: The researchers' work also suggests that SARS-CoV-2 replicates in the gastrointestinal tract. However, the researchers were unable to isolate any infectious virus from patients' stool samples. sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/…
04/04/20 09:33 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
The researchers' work also suggests that SARS-CoV-2 replicates in the gastrointestinal tract. However, the researchers were unable to isolate any infectious virus from patients' stool samples. sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/… Posted by m...

» mikenov on Twitter: Their symptoms were generally mild and included flu-like symptoms like cough, fever and a loss of taste and smell,"Coronavirus: Virological findings from patients treated in a Munich hospital -- ScienceDaily sciencedaily.com/releases/
04/04/20 09:29 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
Their symptoms were generally mild and included flu-like symptoms like cough, fever and a loss of taste and smell," Coronavirus: Virological findings from patients treated in a Munich hospital -- ScienceDaily sciencedaily.com/releases/20...

» mikenov on Twitter: Coronavirus: Virological findings from patients treated in a Munich hospital sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/…
04/04/20 09:28 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
Coronavirus: Virological findings from patients treated in a Munich hospital sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/… Posted by mikenov on Saturday, April 4th, 2020 1:28pm mikenov on Twitter

» mikenov on Twitter: Infectious virus was readily isolated from throat- and lung-derived samples, but not from stool samples, in spite of high virus RNA concentration.Virological assessment of hospitalized patients with COVID-2019 | Nature nature.com/arti
04/04/20 09:27 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
Infectious virus was readily isolated from throat- and lung-derived samples, but not from stool samples, in spite of high virus RNA concentration. Virological assessment of hospitalized patients with COVID-2019 | Nature nature.com/articl...

» mikenov on Twitter: Virological assessment of hospitalized patients with COVID-2019 disq.us/t/3nebtws
04/04/20 09:25 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
Virological assessment of hospitalized patients with COVID-2019 disq.us/t/3nebtws Posted by mikenov on Saturday, April 4th, 2020 1:25pm mikenov on Twitter

» mikenov on Twitter: bundeswehr institute of microbiology munich germany - Google Search google.com/search?q=bunde…
04/04/20 09:18 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
bundeswehr institute of microbiology munich germany - Google Search google.com/search?q=bunde… Posted by mikenov on Saturday, April 4th, 2020 1:18pm mikenov on Twitter

» mikenov on Twitter: it's important to emphasize that our conclusions are limited by the available data.Nextstrain / narratives / ncov / sit-rep / 2020-04-03 nextstrain.org/narratives/nco…
04/04/20 08:19 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
it's important to emphasize that our conclusions are limited by the available data. Nextstrain / narratives / ncov / sit-rep / 2020-04-03 nextstrain.org/narratives/nco… Posted by mikenov on Saturday, April 4th, 2020 12:19pm mikenov on Tw...

» mikenov on Twitter: Nextstrain / narratives / ncov / sit-rep / 2020-04-03 nextstrain.org/narratives/nco…
04/04/20 07:54 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
Nextstrain / narratives / ncov / sit-rep / 2020-04-03 nextstrain.org/narratives/nco… Posted by mikenov on Saturday, April 4th, 2020 11:54am mikenov on Twitter

» mikenov on Twitter: At least 8 strains of the coronavirus have been identified thehill.com/changing-ameri…
04/04/20 07:53 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
At least 8 strains of the coronavirus have been identified thehill.com/changing-ameri… Posted by mikenov on Saturday, April 4th, 2020 11:53am mikenov on Twitter

» mikenov on Twitter: RT @thehill: At least 8 strains of the coronavirus have been identified hill.cm/KOiL88N pic.twitter.com/mCCrxO8elK
04/04/20 07:42 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
At least 8 strains of the coronavirus have been identified hill.cm/KOiL88N pic.twitter.com/mCCrxO8elK Posted by thehill on Saturday, April 4th, 2020 1:43am Retweeted by mikenov on Saturday, April 4th, 2020 11:42am 192 likes, 182 retweets...

» mikenov on Twitter: RT @thehill: Lawmakers call for investigation into the firing of an aircraft carrier captain after plea for help with coronavirus outbreak…
04/04/20 07:41 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
Lawmakers call for investigation into the firing of an aircraft carrier captain after plea for help with coronavirus outbreak leaked hill.cm/xxIpLj3 pic.twitter.com/lpes4iQwbM Posted by thehill on Saturday, April 4th, 2020 2:17am Retweet...

» mikenov on Twitter: RT @thehill: Fauci warns there's no "strong" evidence anti-malaria drug works on coronavirus hill.cm/bgG66h3 pic.twitter.com/kZxWAS1UrB
04/04/20 07:40 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
Fauci warns there's no "strong" evidence anti-malaria drug works on coronavirus hill.cm/bgG66h3 pic.twitter.com/kZxWAS1UrB Posted by thehill on Saturday, April 4th, 2020 5:10am Retweeted by mikenov on Saturday, April 4th, 2020 11:40am 33...

» mikenov on Twitter: RT @thehill: Bernie Sanders calls for $2,000 monthly payments, rent freeze in next coronavirus relief package hill.cm/tCNqBDV https…
04/04/20 07:39 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
Bernie Sanders calls for $2,000 monthly payments, rent freeze in next coronavirus relief package hill.cm/tCNqBDV pic.twitter.com/zP3UsFapw9 Posted by thehill on Saturday, April 4th, 2020 5:30am Retweeted by mikenov on Saturday, April 4th...

» mikenov on Twitter: RT @RWPUSA: Retaliation against whistle blowers is ILLEGAL.And this is retaliation.cnbc.com/2020/04/04/tru…
04/04/20 07:38 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
Retaliation against whistle blowers is ILLEGAL. And this is retaliation. cnbc.com/2020/04/04/tru… Posted by RWPUSA on Saturday, April 4th, 2020 2:59am Retweeted by mikenov on Saturday, April 4th, 2020 11:38am 15416 likes, 5931 retweets m...

» mikenov on Twitter: RT @SenSchumer: Michael Atkinson is a man of integrity who has served our nation for almost two decades. Being fired for having the courage…
04/04/20 07:37 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
Michael Atkinson is a man of integrity who has served our nation for almost two decades. Being fired for having the courage to speak truth to power makes him a patriot. twitter.com/NatashaBertran… BREAKING: Trump has fired the intelligen...

» mikenov on Twitter: RT @johnfkirby63: Absent a better understanding of the circumstances around the TR CO’s conduct, we are left to conclude that he was fired…
04/04/20 07:36 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
Absent a better understanding of the circumstances around the TR CO’s conduct, we are left to conclude that he was fired because his email embarrassed the Trump administration rather than for any real transgression or failing of leadersh...

» mikenov on Twitter: RT @nytimes: Breaking News: President Trump is firing the intelligence community watchdog who was key in fielding the whistle-blower compla…
04/04/20 07:36 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
Breaking News: President Trump is firing the intelligence community watchdog who was key in fielding the whistle-blower complaint that triggered the impeachment nyti.ms/2X9yQfw Posted by nytimes on Saturday, April 4th, 2020 2:50am Retwee...

» mikenov on Twitter: RT @RepAdamSchiff: Trump’s dead of night decision to fire ICIG Michael Atkinson is another blatant attempt to gut the independence of the I…
04/04/20 07:35 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
Trump’s dead of night decision to fire ICIG Michael Atkinson is another blatant attempt to gut the independence of the Intelligence Community and retaliate against those who dare to expose presidential wrongdoing. It puts our country and...

» mikenov on Twitter: RT @CNNPolitics: JUST IN: President Trump has fired Michael Atkinson, the intelligence community watchdog who told Congress about the whist…
04/04/20 07:33 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
JUST IN: President Trump has fired Michael Atkinson, the intelligence community watchdog who told Congress about the whistleblower complaint that led to impeachment cnn.it/2wdfqez pic.twitter.com/qOOG5JZjRU Posted by CNNPolitics on Satur...

» mikenov on Twitter: RT @SenSchumer: Whether it’s LTC Vindman, Captain Crozier, or Intelligence Community Inspector General Michael Atkinson:President Trump f…
04/04/20 07:32 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
Whether it’s LTC Vindman, Captain Crozier, or Intelligence Community Inspector General Michael Atkinson: President Trump fires people for telling the truth. twitter.com/NatashaBertran… BREAKING: Trump has fired the intelligence community...

» mikenov on Twitter: RT @washingtonpost: Opinion: The only official fired over the virus?A captain who tried to protect his crew. wapo.st/2xMn53X
04/04/20 07:32 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
Opinion: The only official fired over the virus? A captain who tried to protect his crew. wapo.st/2xMn53X Posted by washingtonpost on Saturday, April 4th, 2020 7:19am Retweeted by mikenov on Saturday, April 4th, 2020 11:32am 2500 likes, ...

» mikenov on Twitter: RT @nytimes: In OpinionTweed Roosevelt writes: "Captain Crozier joins a growing list of heroic men and women who have risked their career…
04/04/20 07:31 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
In Opinion Tweed Roosevelt writes: "Captain Crozier joins a growing list of heroic men and women who have risked their careers over the last few weeks to speak out about life-threatening failures to treat the victims of this terrible pan...

» mikenov on Twitter: RT @politico: BREAKING: Trump has fired the intelligence community’s chief watchdog, who was the first to sound the alarm to Congress about…
04/04/20 07:31 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
BREAKING: Trump has fired the intelligence community’s chief watchdog, who was the first to sound the alarm to Congress about an “urgent” complaint involving Trump’s communications with Ukraine politico.com/news/2020/04/0… Posted by poli...

» mikenov on Twitter: RT @FrankFigliuzzi1: What kind of person exploits a deadly national crisis to quietly remove the most ethical people in government? #corona…
04/04/20 07:30 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
What kind of person exploits a deadly national crisis to quietly remove the most ethical people in government? #coronavirus @realDonaldTrump #Trumpdemic twitter.com/kendilaniannbc… The president has notified Congress that he is removing ...

» mikenov on Twitter: WHO's analysis: Modes of transmission of virus causing COVID-19 legaldesire.com/whos-analysis-…
03/04/20 21:09 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
WHO's analysis: Modes of transmission of virus causing COVID-19 legaldesire.com/whos-analysis-… Posted by mikenov on Saturday, April 4th, 2020 1:09am mikenov on Twitter

» Forensic epidemiology - Wikipedia
03/04/20 21:00 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
Michael_Novakhov shared this story from Wikipedia - Recent changes [en]. History [ edit ] The term Forensic Epidemiology was first associated with the investigation of bioterrorism in 1999, and coined by Dr. Ken Alibek, the former chief ...

» mikenov on Twitter: probabilistic conclusions about the type and quantity of causal association between an antecedent harmful exposure and an injury or disease outcome in both populations and individuals.forensic epidemiology - Google Search google.com/s
03/04/20 20:53 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
probabilistic conclusions about the type and quantity of causal association between an antecedent harmful exposure and an injury or disease outcome in both populations and individuals. forensic epidemiology - Google Search google.com/sea...

» mikenov on Twitter: #clusteranalysis images.app.goo.gl/CSjdXiUxSDPgMY…
03/04/20 20:48 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
#clusteranalysis images.app.goo.gl/CSjdXiUxSDPgMY… Posted by mikenov on Saturday, April 4th, 2020 12:48am mikenov on Twitter

» mikenov on Twitter: #FBI #CIA #ODNI #USIn "#clusteranalysis" of #Coronavirus cases in #Rockwellcounty, #NY, the same #pattern, as described previously for the #LongIsland clusters, is evident: the affected #location is the prime target for the future #Re
03/04/20 19:50 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
#FBI #CIA #ODNI #US In "#clusteranalysis" of #Coronavirus cases in #Rockwellcounty, #NY, the same #pattern, as described previously for the #LongIsland clusters, is evident: the affected #location is the prime target for the future #Real...

» mikenov on Twitter: In "#clusteranalysis" of #Coronavirus cases in #Rockwellcounty, #NY, the same #pattern, as described previously for the #Long sland clusters, is evident: the affected #location is the prime target for the future #RealEstate Development
03/04/20 19:47 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
In "#clusteranalysis" of #Coronavirus cases in #Rockwellcounty, #NY, the same #pattern, as described previously for the #Long sland clusters, is evident: the affected #location is the prime target for the future #RealEstate Development. ...

» mikenov on Twitter: 6:45 PM 4/3/2020 - #Ramapo is "the best place in #NewYorkState to live" | #Clusteranalysis in #forensicepidemiology of #Coronavirus cases in #NewYork state: In "cluster analysis" of Coronavirus cases tweetsandnews.blogspot.com/2020/04/
03/04/20 19:46 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
6:45 PM 4/3/2020 - #Ramapo is "the best place in #NewYorkState to live" | #Clusteranalysis in #forensicepidemiology of #Coronavirus cases in #NewYork state: In "cluster analysis" of Coronavirus cases tweetsandnews.blogspot.com/2020/04/64...

» mikenov on Twitter: #Tweets And #News - From #MichaelNovakhov: 6:45 PM 4/3/2020 - #Ramapo is "the best place in Ne... tweetsandnews.blogspot.com/2020/04/645-pm…
03/04/20 19:44 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
#Tweets And #News - From #MichaelNovakhov: 6:45 PM 4/3/2020 - #Ramapo is "the best place in Ne... tweetsandnews.blogspot.com/2020/04/645-pm… Posted by mikenov on Friday, April 3rd, 2020 11:44pm mikenov on Twitter

» 6:45 PM 4/3/2020 - Ramapo is "the best place in New York State to live" | Cluster analysis in forensic epidemiology of Coronavirus cases in New York state: In "cluster analysis" of Coronavirus cases in Rockwell county, NY, the same pattern, as described p
03/04/20 19:43 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
Michael_Novakhov shared this story from Tweets And News - From Michael Novakhov. https://tweetsandnews.blogspot.com/2020/04/645-pm-432020-in-cluster-analysis-of.html Cluster analysis in forensic epidemiology of Coronavirus cases in New Y...

» mikenov on Twitter: Ramapo to New York - 4 ways to travel via train, bus, taxi, Ramapo to New York train services, operated by NJ Transit, depart from Suffern station. Distance: 29.9 miles. Duration: 57 min.ramapo to nyc railroad - Google Search google.
03/04/20 19:22 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
Ramapo to New York - 4 ways to travel via train, bus, taxi, Ramapo to New York train services, operated by NJ Transit, depart from Suffern station. Distance: 29.9 miles. Duration: 57 min. ramapo to nyc railroad - Google Search google.com...

» mikenov on Twitter: ramapo to nyc railroad - Google Search google.com/search?q=ramap…
03/04/20 19:21 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
ramapo to nyc railroad - Google Search google.com/search?q=ramap… Posted by mikenov on Friday, April 3rd, 2020 11:21pm mikenov on Twitter

» mikenov on Twitter: M.N.: Prime RE!:In the category of park space, percentage of land set aside for gardens and parks, the town finished first. Ramapo received the highest rating & one of the best in the country for its open spaces and parkland. Ram
03/04/20 18:26 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
M.N.: Prime RE!: In the category of park space, percentage of land set aside for gardens and parks, the town finished first. Ramapo received the highest rating & one of the best in the country for its open spaces and parkland. Ramapo...

» mikenov on Twitter: In 2006 Money ranked Ramapo as the 49th best place in the United States and the best place in New York State to live. Arts and leisure, business, housing, low crime rates and open spaces/parkland determined the town's ranking. Ramapo,
03/04/20 18:23 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
In 2006 Money ranked Ramapo as the 49th best place in the United States and the best place in New York State to live. Arts and leisure, business, housing, low crime rates and open spaces/parkland determined the town's ranking. Ramapo, Ne...

» mikenov on Twitter: Rockland County, NY coronavirus rates - Google Search google.com/search?q=Rockl…
03/04/20 18:09 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
Rockland County, NY coronavirus rates - Google Search google.com/search?q=Rockl… Posted by mikenov on Friday, April 3rd, 2020 10:09pm mikenov on Twitter

» mikenov on Twitter: The area where Mr. Day seeks restrictions includes the ultra-Orthodox Jewish enclaves of Monsey, where a funeral this week drew a large crowd, and Kaser. nytimes.com/2020/04/03/nyr…
03/04/20 18:09 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
The area where Mr. Day seeks restrictions includes the ultra-Orthodox Jewish enclaves of Monsey, where a funeral this week drew a large crowd, and Kaser. nytimes.com/2020/04/03/nyr… Posted by mikenov on Friday, April 3rd, 2020 10:09pm mi...

» mikenov on Twitter: deaths nearly doubling in just three days, from 1,550 on Tuesday to 2,935 on FridayLive Coronavirus New York Updates - The New York Times nytimes.com/2020/04/03/nyr…
03/04/20 17:59 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
deaths nearly doubling in just three days, from 1,550 on Tuesday to 2,935 on Friday Live Coronavirus New York Updates - The New York Times nytimes.com/2020/04/03/nyr… Posted by mikenov on Friday, April 3rd, 2020 9:59pm mikenov on Twitter

» mikenov on Twitter: There are now 102,863 confirmed cases in New York State, up from 92,381 on Thursday. New York City has 57,159 cases — nearly a quarter of the confirmed cases in the whole country.Live Coronavirus New York Updates - The New York Times
03/04/20 17:58 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
There are now 102,863 confirmed cases in New York State, up from 92,381 on Thursday. New York City has 57,159 cases — nearly a quarter of the confirmed cases in the whole country. Live Coronavirus New York Updates - The New York Times ny...

» mikenov on Twitter: Live Coronavirus New York Updates - The New York Times nytimes.com/2020/04/03/nyr…
03/04/20 17:52 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
Live Coronavirus New York Updates - The New York Times nytimes.com/2020/04/03/nyr… Posted by mikenov on Friday, April 3rd, 2020 9:52pm mikenov on Twitter

» mikenov on Twitter: Capt. Brett Crozier - Google Search google.com/search?q=Capt.…
03/04/20 17:05 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
Capt. Brett Crozier - Google Search google.com/search?q=Capt.… Posted by mikenov on Friday, April 3rd, 2020 9:05pm mikenov on Twitter

» mikenov on Twitter: RT @Sotero269: Wrongfully relieved of command but did right by the sailors. #navy @UncleChaps @katebarstool @ZeroBlog30 @CaptainCons https:…
03/04/20 16:49 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
Wrongfully relieved of command but did right by the sailors. #navy @UncleChaps @katebarstool @ZeroBlog30 @CaptainCons pic.twitter.com/M0aZhHNMXT Posted by Sotero269 on Friday, April 3rd, 2020 11:18am Retweeted by mikenov on Friday, April...

» mikenov on Twitter: Watch sailors cheer Navy captain relieved of command after raising alarm on coronavirus nbcnews.com/news/us-news/v… via @nbcnews
03/04/20 16:45 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
Watch sailors cheer Navy captain relieved of command after raising alarm on coronavirus nbcnews.com/news/us-news/v… via @nbcnews Posted by mikenov on Friday, April 3rd, 2020 8:45pm mikenov on Twitter

» mikenov on Twitter: The vacant Comfort hospital ship is a symbol of our coronavirus failure | Ross Barkan theguardian.com/commentisfree/…
03/04/20 16:40 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
The vacant Comfort hospital ship is a symbol of our coronavirus failure | Ross Barkan theguardian.com/commentisfree/… Posted by mikenov on Friday, April 3rd, 2020 8:40pm mikenov on Twitter

» mikenov on Twitter: “The solution is obvious enough. Open the navy hospital ship to coronavirus patients and let the Comfort join the ranks of other temporary hospitals in New York, like the 1,000-bed facility at the Javits Center” gu.com/p/dtav6/stw
03/04/20 16:40 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
“The solution is obvious enough. Open the navy hospital ship to coronavirus patients and let the Comfort join the ranks of other temporary hospitals in New York, like the 1,000-bed facility at the Javits Center” gu.com/p/dtav6/stw Posted...

» mikenov on Twitter: “The ship, sitting nearly empty, is almost a mockery of all the suffering taking place on land. If it won’t treat coronavirus patients, it will hardly treat anyone” gu.com/p/dtav6/stw
03/04/20 16:39 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
“The ship, sitting nearly empty, is almost a mockery of all the suffering taking place on land. If it won’t treat coronavirus patients, it will hardly treat anyone” gu.com/p/dtav6/stw Posted by mikenov on Friday, April 3rd, 2020 8:39pm 1...

» mikenov on Twitter: Trump Approves New York Javits Center to Treat Coronavirus Patients usnews.com/news/national-…
03/04/20 16:31 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
Trump Approves New York Javits Center to Treat Coronavirus Patients usnews.com/news/national-… Posted by mikenov on Friday, April 3rd, 2020 8:31pm mikenov on Twitter

» mikenov on Twitter: Javits Center in New York City as Coronavirus hospital - Google Search google.com/search?q=Javit…
03/04/20 16:30 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
Javits Center in New York City as Coronavirus hospital - Google Search google.com/search?q=Javit… Posted by mikenov on Friday, April 3rd, 2020 8:30pm mikenov on Twitter

» mikenov on Twitter: RT @NYGovCuomo: At the Javits Center in New York City giving a briefing on #Coronavirus. WATCH: pscp.tv/w/cVDPMjIyNjcx…
03/04/20 16:25 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
At the Javits Center in New York City giving a briefing on #Coronavirus. WATCH: pscp.tv/w/cVDPMjIyNjcx… Posted by NYGovCuomo on Monday, March 30th, 2020 5:15pm Retweeted by mikenov on Friday, April 3rd, 2020 8:25pm 1939 likes, 660 retwee...

» mikenov on Twitter: Hospital ship USNS Comfort changes criteria for accepting non-coronavirus patients nbcnews.com/news/us-news/h…
03/04/20 16:21 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
Hospital ship USNS Comfort changes criteria for accepting non-coronavirus patients nbcnews.com/news/us-news/h… Posted by mikenov on Friday, April 3rd, 2020 8:21pm mikenov on Twitter

» mikenov on Twitter: comfort hospital ship - Google Search google.com/search?q=comfo…
03/04/20 16:20 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
comfort hospital ship - Google Search google.com/search?q=comfo… Posted by mikenov on Friday, April 3rd, 2020 8:20pm mikenov on Twitter

» mikenov on Twitter: Coronavirus in NYC: More than 10K hospitalized and over 1,500 dead nypost.com/2020/04/02/cor… via @nypmetro
03/04/20 16:03 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
Coronavirus in NYC: More than 10K hospitalized and over 1,500 dead nypost.com/2020/04/02/cor… via @nypmetro Posted by mikenov on Friday, April 3rd, 2020 8:03pm mikenov on Twitter

» mikenov on Twitter: Trump negative for coronavirus again, says wearing masks okay - Reuters reuters.com/article/us-hea…
03/04/20 15:59 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
Trump negative for coronavirus again, says wearing masks okay - Reuters reuters.com/article/us-hea… Posted by mikenov on Friday, April 3rd, 2020 7:59pm mikenov on Twitter

» mikenov on Twitter: USNS Comfort Hospital Ship Was Supposed to Aid New York. It Has 3 Patients. - The New York Times nytimes.com/2020/04/02/nyr…
03/04/20 15:54 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
USNS Comfort Hospital Ship Was Supposed to Aid New York. It Has 3 Patients. - The New York Times nytimes.com/2020/04/02/nyr… Posted by mikenov on Friday, April 3rd, 2020 7:54pm mikenov on Twitter

» mikenov on Twitter: Homemade masks may give people a 'false sense of security' Utah epidemiologist warns kutv.com/news/local/hom…
03/04/20 15:44 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
Homemade masks may give people a 'false sense of security' Utah epidemiologist warns kutv.com/news/local/hom… Posted by mikenov on Friday, April 3rd, 2020 7:44pm mikenov on Twitter

» mikenov on Twitter: COVID-19 pandemic is testing world leaders. Who's stepping up? @AJENews aje.io/bqh6l
03/04/20 15:41 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
COVID-19 pandemic is testing world leaders. Who's stepping up? @AJENews aje.io/bqh6l Posted by mikenov on Friday, April 3rd, 2020 7:41pm mikenov on Twitter

» mikenov on Twitter: Can testing the sewers sound the alarm ahead of a coronavirus outbreak? independent.co.uk/environment/co…
03/04/20 15:33 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
Can testing the sewers sound the alarm ahead of a coronavirus outbreak? independent.co.uk/environment/co… Posted by mikenov on Friday, April 3rd, 2020 7:33pm mikenov on Twitter

» mikenov on Twitter: 'Surreal': NY funeral homes struggle as virus deaths surge katu.com/news/nation-wo…
03/04/20 15:30 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
'Surreal': NY funeral homes struggle as virus deaths surge katu.com/news/nation-wo… Posted by mikenov on Friday, April 3rd, 2020 7:30pm mikenov on Twitter

» mikenov on Twitter: CIA Doubts China’s Coronavirus Statistics: Report dailycaller.com/2020/04/02/cia… via @dailycaller
03/04/20 15:26 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
CIA Doubts China’s Coronavirus Statistics: Report dailycaller.com/2020/04/02/cia… via @dailycaller Posted by mikenov on Friday, April 3rd, 2020 7:26pm mikenov on Twitter

» mikenov on Twitter: Why a coronavirus vaccine may never be found afr.com/policy/health-…
03/04/20 15:19 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
Why a coronavirus vaccine may never be found afr.com/policy/health-… Posted by mikenov on Friday, April 3rd, 2020 7:19pm mikenov on Twitter

» mikenov on Twitter: "Germany has a low coronavirus mortality rate: Here’s why" cnbc.com/2020/04/03/ger…
03/04/20 15:17 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
"Germany has a low coronavirus mortality rate: Here’s why" cnbc.com/2020/04/03/ger… Posted by mikenov on Friday, April 3rd, 2020 7:17pm mikenov on Twitter

» mikenov on Twitter: Joker's "Only You" Music Video - Batman: Arkham City youtu.be/w8UEQf6ED7o via @YouTube
03/04/20 15:01 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
Joker's "Only You" Music Video - Batman: Arkham City youtu.be/w8UEQf6ED7o via @YouTube Posted by mikenov on Friday, April 3rd, 2020 7:01pm mikenov on Twitter

» mikenov on Twitter: Joker's Waltz - Batman: Arkham Asylum youtu.be/LnTgCn9pwdM via @YouTube
03/04/20 14:50 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
Joker's Waltz - Batman: Arkham Asylum youtu.be/LnTgCn9pwdM via @YouTube Posted by mikenov on Friday, April 3rd, 2020 6:50pm mikenov on Twitter

» Trump, Kushner, and Russian-Jewish Mafia have a financial interest in Coronavirus Pandemic: to drive the real estate prices down, and then to buy it up - Google Search
03/04/20 13:48 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
Michael_Novakhov shared this story . 1. Trump from Michael_Novakhov (197 sites): "Comey ... trumpismandtrump.com › index.php › 2020/04/03 › brendan-gleeson... <a href="http://trumpismandtrump.com" rel="nofollow">trumpismandtrump.co...

» mikenov on Twitter: Corona Acquisition:Chera and his sons own Crown Acquisitions. Chera has also done business with the family of Trump’s son-in-law and adviser Jared Kushner.Jewish real estate mogul identified as Trump friend in coronavirus coma | The
03/04/20 13:45 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
Corona Acquisition: Chera and his sons own Crown Acquisitions. Chera has also done business with the family of Trump’s son-in-law and adviser Jared Kushner. Jewish real estate mogul identified as Trump friend in coronavirus coma | The Ti...

» mikenov on Twitter: #Trump, #Kushner, and #RussianJewishMafia have a #financialinterest in #CoronavirusPandemic: to drive the #realestateprices #down, and then to #buy it up tweetsandnews.blogspot.com/2020/04/832-am…
03/04/20 13:08 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
#Trump, #Kushner, and #RussianJewishMafia have a #financialinterest in #CoronavirusPandemic: to drive the #realestateprices #down, and then to #buy it up tweetsandnews.blogspot.com/2020/04/832-am… Posted by mikenov on Friday, April 3rd, ...

» mikenov on Twitter: #Tweets And #News - From #MichaelNovakhov: 8:32 AM 4/3/2020 - #Trump, #Kushner, and #Russian-Jew... tweetsandnews.blogspot.com/2020/04/832-am…
03/04/20 13:06 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
#Tweets And #News - From #MichaelNovakhov: 8:32 AM 4/3/2020 - #Trump, #Kushner, and #Russian-Jew... tweetsandnews.blogspot.com/2020/04/832-am… Posted by mikenov on Friday, April 3rd, 2020 5:06pm mikenov on Twitter

» mikenov on Twitter: “Unfortunately, Kushner doesn’t only suffer from intellectual overreach. Self-dealing may have made a cameo too in the middle of crisis, and we have seen this movie before. Earlier, the Kushners had attempted to attract capital from Ch
03/04/20 08:31 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
“Unfortunately, Kushner doesn’t only suffer from intellectual overreach. Self-dealing may have made a cameo too in the middle of crisis, and we have seen this movie before. Earlier, the Kushners had attempted to attract capital from Chin...

» mikenov on Twitter: “If Kushner weren’t married to the boss’s daughter he would not be anywhere near the Oval Office. But Trump treats the presidency like a family business” gu.com/p/dt4df/stw
03/04/20 08:18 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
“If Kushner weren’t married to the boss’s daughter he would not be anywhere near the Oval Office. But Trump treats the presidency like a family business” gu.com/p/dt4df/stw Posted by mikenov on Friday, April 3rd, 2020 12:18pm mikenov on ...

» mikenov on Twitter: Jared Kushner's coronavirus overreach puts more American lives on the line | Lloyd Green theguardian.com/commentisfree/…
03/04/20 08:12 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
Jared Kushner's coronavirus overreach puts more American lives on the line | Lloyd Green theguardian.com/commentisfree/… Posted by mikenov on Friday, April 3rd, 2020 12:12pm mikenov on Twitter

» mikenov on Twitter: #Tweets And #News - From #MichaelNovakhov: 7:49 AM 4/3/2020 - Michael Novakhov - SharedNewsLi... tweetsandnews.blogspot.com/2020/04/749-am…
03/04/20 07:52 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
#Tweets And #News - From #MichaelNovakhov: 7:49 AM 4/3/2020 - Michael Novakhov - SharedNewsLi... tweetsandnews.blogspot.com/2020/04/749-am… Posted by mikenov on Friday, April 3rd, 2020 11:52am mikenov on Twitter

» mikenov on Twitter: 7:49 AM 4/3/2020 - Michael Novakhov - SharedNewsLinks℠: NYC map shows patients testing positive for coronavirus tweetsandnews.blogspot.com/2020/04/749-am…
03/04/20 07:52 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
7:49 AM 4/3/2020 - Michael Novakhov - SharedNewsLinks℠: NYC map shows patients testing positive for coronavirus tweetsandnews.blogspot.com/2020/04/749-am… Posted by mikenov on Friday, April 3rd, 2020 11:52am mikenov on Twitter

» 7:49 AM 4/3/2020 - Michael Novakhov - SharedNewsLinks℠: NYC map shows patients testing positive for coronavirus
03/04/20 07:51 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
Michael_Novakhov shared this story from Tweets And News - From Michael Novakhov. https://tweetsandnews.blogspot.com/2020/04/749-am-432020-michael-novakhov.html Audio News: | VOA Newscasts | NPR News Now | NPR News Now On RSS Dog ...

» mikenov on Twitter: 7:37 AM 4/3/2020 - Are coronavirus statistics reliable? | Will coronavirus outbreak slam U.S. home prices? | Is coronavirus spread through feces? tweetsandnews.blogspot.com/2020/04/737-am…
03/04/20 07:43 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
7:37 AM 4/3/2020 - Are coronavirus statistics reliable? | Will coronavirus outbreak slam U.S. home prices? | Is coronavirus spread through feces? tweetsandnews.blogspot.com/2020/04/737-am… Posted by mikenov on Friday, April 3rd, 2020 11:...

» mikenov on Twitter: #Tweets And #News - From #MichaelNovakhov: 7:37 AM 4/3/2020 - Are #coronavirusstatistics reli... tweetsandnews.blogspot.com/2020/04/737-am…
03/04/20 07:43 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
#Tweets And #News - From #MichaelNovakhov: 7:37 AM 4/3/2020 - Are #coronavirusstatistics reli... tweetsandnews.blogspot.com/2020/04/737-am… Posted by mikenov on Friday, April 3rd, 2020 11:43am mikenov on Twitter

» 7:37 AM 4/3/2020 - Are coronavirus statistics reliable? | Will coronavirus outbreak slam U.S. home prices? | Is coronavirus spread through feces?
03/04/20 07:41 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
Michael_Novakhov shared this story from Tweets And News - From Michael Novakhov. https://tweetsandnews.blogspot.com/2020/04/737-am-432020-are-coronavirus.html News Review 4.2.20 Are coronavirus statistics reliable? Will coronavirus outbr...

» mikenov on Twitter: Will coronavirus outbreak slam U.S. home prices? – Press Telegram presstelegram.com/2020/04/02/wil…
02/04/20 19:58 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
Will coronavirus outbreak slam U.S. home prices? – Press Telegram presstelegram.com/2020/04/02/wil… Posted by mikenov on Thursday, April 2nd, 2020 11:58pm mikenov on Twitter

» Will coronavirus outbreak slam U.S. home prices? – Press Telegram
02/04/20 19:58 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
Michael_Novakhov shared this story from Press Telegram. This story is available to all readers in the interest of public safety. Please consider supporting our coverage of the coronavirus outbreak by subscribing to Press-Telegram. Only 9...

» Are coronavirus statistics reliable?
02/04/20 19:38 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
Michael_Novakhov shared this story from Yahoo News - Latest News & Headlines. Mike Bebernes · Editor “The 360” shows you diverse perspectives on the day’s top stories and debates. Captions will look like this 7:20 7:23 Video Quality ...

» mikenov on Twitter: “The data collected so far on how many people are infected and how the epidemic is evolving are utterly unreliable. ...Are coronavirus statistics reliable? news.yahoo.com/are-coronaviru…
02/04/20 19:34 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
“The data collected so far on how many people are infected and how the epidemic is evolving are utterly unreliable. ... Are coronavirus statistics reliable? news.yahoo.com/are-coronaviru… Posted by mikenov on Thursday, April 2nd, 2020 11...

» mikenov on Twitter: Are coronavirus statistics reliable? news.yahoo.com/are-coronaviru…
02/04/20 19:34 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
Are coronavirus statistics reliable? news.yahoo.com/are-coronaviru… Posted by mikenov on Thursday, April 2nd, 2020 11:34pm mikenov on Twitter

» mikenov on Twitter: Crown Heights Coronavirus rates - Google Search google.com/search?q=Crown…
02/04/20 19:28 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
Crown Heights Coronavirus rates - Google Search google.com/search?q=Crown… Posted by mikenov on Thursday, April 2nd, 2020 11:28pm mikenov on Twitter

» mikenov on Twitter: Pentagon Reports First DoD Death from Coronavirus; 15 Pacific Fleet Sailors Have Tested Positive - USNI News news.usni.org/2020/03/22/pen…
02/04/20 18:21 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
Pentagon Reports First DoD Death from Coronavirus; 15 Pacific Fleet Sailors Have Tested Positive - USNI News news.usni.org/2020/03/22/pen… Posted by mikenov on Thursday, April 2nd, 2020 10:21pm mikenov on Twitter

» mikenov on Twitter: USS Theodore Roosevelt - Google Search google.com/search?q=USS+T…
02/04/20 18:19 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
USS Theodore Roosevelt - Google Search google.com/search?q=USS+T… Posted by mikenov on Thursday, April 2nd, 2020 10:19pm mikenov on Twitter

» mikenov on Twitter: The Navy has removed the captain of an aircraft carrier stricken by the virus. nytimes.com/2020/04/02/wor…
02/04/20 17:59 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
The Navy has removed the captain of an aircraft carrier stricken by the virus. nytimes.com/2020/04/02/wor… Posted by mikenov on Thursday, April 2nd, 2020 9:59pm mikenov on Twitter

» mikenov on Twitter: RT @CNN: More than a million cases of the novel coronavirus have been confirmed worldwide while authorities in the United States continue i…
02/04/20 17:52 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
More than a million cases of the novel coronavirus have been confirmed worldwide while authorities in the United States continue issuing strict measures to slow down the spread of the virus cnn.it/2w9cjUN Posted by CNN on Thursday, April...

» mikenov on Twitter: RT @davidenrich: Exclusive: The Trump Organization is looking for financial help from @DeutscheBank and Palm Beach County in Florida, accor…
02/04/20 17:52 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
Exclusive: The Trump Organization is looking for financial help from @DeutscheBank and Palm Beach County in Florida, according to sources and documents reviewed by @nytimes. with @benprotess @EricLiptonNYT nytimes.com/2020/04/02/bus… Pos...

» mikenov on Twitter: RT @voxdotcom: “One of the things we’re going to learn in this crisis is that there is such a thing as society —and there always was. We ar…
02/04/20 17:50 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
“One of the things we’re going to learn in this crisis is that there is such a thing as society —and there always was. We are a social species. We stand or fall together.” - @johannhari101 on how coronavirus has shattered the myth of rug...

» mikenov on Twitter: RT @jesskcoleman: NEW: FARA documents obtained by ⁦@forensicnewsnet⁩ reveal a Moscow-connected law firm working in politics and media here…
02/04/20 17:25 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
NEW: FARA documents obtained by ⁦@forensicnewsnet⁩ reveal a Moscow-connected law firm working in politics and media here in the U.S. “This is puzzling,” said one expert. Here’s ⁦@ericlevai⁩ with the scoop: forensicnews.net/2020/04/02/u-s...

» mikenov on Twitter: RT @antillaview: And this is only the latest chapter of Trump and Deutsche. I'm halfway through reading @DavidEnrich's amazing "Dark Towers…
02/04/20 17:23 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
And this is only the latest chapter of Trump and Deutsche. I'm halfway through reading @DavidEnrich's amazing "Dark Towers," which details the president's dealings with Deutsche. Worth putting on your Quarantine Reading List nyti.ms/2UD5...

» mikenov on Twitter: RT @NYPDnews: It is with a heavy heart that we announce another member of our family has passed. School Safety Agent Roniece Watson passed…
02/04/20 17:19 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
It is with a heavy heart that we announce another member of our family has passed. School Safety Agent Roniece Watson passed away on March 30 due to Covid-19 after faithfully serving the youth of our city for the last 16 years. #FidelisA...

» mikenov on Twitter: RT @nytimes: The FDA has approved a new test for coronavirus antibodies that may help scientists learn how widespread the infection is, and…
02/04/20 17:18 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
The FDA has approved a new test for coronavirus antibodies that may help scientists learn how widespread the infection is, and how long people remain immune after recovering nyti.ms/2UZIGxJ Posted by nytimes on Thursday, April 2nd, 2020 ...

» mikenov on Twitter: RT @gaycivilrights: Breaking –He's a hero. Shame on Trump's Acting Navy Secretary.buff.ly/3aK09B2
02/04/20 17:15 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
Breaking – He's a hero. Shame on Trump's Acting Navy Secretary. buff.ly/3aK09B2 Posted by gaycivilrights on Thursday, April 2nd, 2020 9:04pm Retweeted by mikenov on Thursday, April 2nd, 2020 9:15pm 6 likes, 4 retweets mikenov on Twitter

» mikenov on Twitter: RT @WhiteHouse: “We're at war with COVID-19, we're at war with terrorists, and we are at war with the drug cartels . . . We're the United S…
02/04/20 17:14 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
“We're at war with COVID-19, we're at war with terrorists, and we are at war with the drug cartels . . . We're the United States military and we will defend our country." —General Mark Milley, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs pic.twitter.com...

» mikenov on Twitter: RT @New_Narrative: When we need a general, we get a son-in-law who knows nothing about it. Kushner sets up shop at FEMA as his portfolio ba…
02/04/20 17:13 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
When we need a general, we get a son-in-law who knows nothing about it. Kushner sets up shop at FEMA as his portfolio balloons to include manufacturing, supplies and long-term planning. politico.com/news/2020/04/0… Posted by New_Narrativ...

» mikenov on Twitter: RT @MilDefInsider: The US Navy fires the captain of the aircraft carrier stricken by a coronavirus outbreak businessinsider.com/navy-relieves-…
02/04/20 17:10 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
The US Navy fires the captain of the aircraft carrier stricken by a coronavirus outbreak businessinsider.com/navy-relieves-… Posted by MilDefInsider on Thursday, April 2nd, 2020 9:06pm Retweeted by mikenov on Thursday, April 2nd, 2020 9:...

» mikenov on Twitter: RT @NYPDShea: Yesterday, we lost another member of our NYPD family, Traffic Enforcement Agent Karisma Dargan, who died of complications rel…
02/04/20 17:09 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
Yesterday, we lost another member of our NYPD family, Traffic Enforcement Agent Karisma Dargan, who died of complications related to #COVID19. Our hearts go out to her family and friends. #NeverForget pic.twitter.com/fphxYvlIMZ Posted by...

» mikenov on Twitter: RT @nytimes: Breaking News: The U.S. Navy removed the captain of the aircraft carrier Theodore Roosevelt, days after he sounded the alarm a…
02/04/20 17:08 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
Breaking News: The U.S. Navy removed the captain of the aircraft carrier Theodore Roosevelt, days after he sounded the alarm about a coronavirus outbreak on the ship nyti.ms/2JBBWRb twitter.com/nytimes/status… For today, April 2, here’s ...

» mikenov on Twitter: coronavirus nyc cluster analysis images.app.goo.gl/bv1YQyLARd7ME8…
02/04/20 15:51 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
coronavirus nyc cluster analysis images.app.goo.gl/bv1YQyLARd7ME8… Posted by mikenov on Thursday, April 2nd, 2020 7:51pm mikenov on Twitter

» mikenov on Twitter: The influence operation behind Russia's coronavirus aid to Italy - Coda Story codastory.com/disinformation…
02/04/20 14:43 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
The influence operation behind Russia's coronavirus aid to Italy - Coda Story codastory.com/disinformation… Posted by mikenov on Thursday, April 2nd, 2020 6:43pm mikenov on Twitter

» mikenov on Twitter: Why Queens May Have Emerged as New York City's Coronavirus Epicenter ny1.com/nyc/all-boroug…
02/04/20 14:38 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
Why Queens May Have Emerged as New York City's Coronavirus Epicenter ny1.com/nyc/all-boroug… Posted by mikenov on Thursday, April 2nd, 2020 6:38pm mikenov on Twitter

» mikenov on Twitter: news-medical.net/news/20200402/…
02/04/20 14:22 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
news-medical.net/news/20200402/… Posted by mikenov on Thursday, April 2nd, 2020 6:22pm mikenov on Twitter

» mikenov on Twitter: RT @NBCNews: LIVE: NY Gov. Cuomo provides latest coronavirus updates. pscp.tv/w/1lPJqVygavYxb
02/04/20 12:00 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
LIVE: NY Gov. Cuomo provides latest coronavirus updates. pscp.tv/w/1lPJqVygavYxb Posted by NBCNews on Thursday, April 2nd, 2020 3:37pm Retweeted by mikenov on Thursday, April 2nd, 2020 4:00pm 48 likes, 27 retweets mikenov on Twitter

» mikenov on Twitter: RT @DailyCaller: EXCLUSIVE: Sen. Tom Cotton Blasts ‘Apologists’ In Media For Accepting Chinese Propaganda Surrounding Coronavirus Origins h…
02/04/20 11:52 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
EXCLUSIVE: Sen. Tom Cotton Blasts ‘Apologists’ In Media For Accepting Chinese Propaganda Surrounding Coronavirus Origins dailycaller.com/2020/04/01/tom… Posted by DailyCaller on Thursday, April 2nd, 2020 2:00pm Retweeted by mikenov on Th...

» mikenov on Twitter: RT @nytimes: New data released by New York City shows that lower-income neighborhoods have been most affected by the coronavirus https://t.…
02/04/20 11:52 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
New data released by New York City shows that lower-income neighborhoods have been most affected by the coronavirus nyti.ms/3aDdkUa Posted by nytimes on Thursday, April 2nd, 2020 1:15pm Retweeted by mikenov on Thursday, April 2nd, 2020 3...

» mikenov on Twitter: corona queens - Google Search google.com/search?q=coron…
02/04/20 11:45 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
corona queens - Google Search google.com/search?q=coron… Posted by mikenov on Thursday, April 2nd, 2020 3:45pm mikenov on Twitter

» mikenov on Twitter: Corona Is NYC's Epicenter Of Coronavirus Outbreak patch.com/new-york/new-y…
02/04/20 11:11 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
Corona Is NYC's Epicenter Of Coronavirus Outbreak patch.com/new-york/new-y… Posted by mikenov on Thursday, April 2nd, 2020 3:11pm mikenov on Twitter

» mikenov on Twitter: Corona Is NYC's Epicenter Of Coronavirus Outbreak | New York City, NY Patch patch.com/new-york/new-y…
02/04/20 10:44 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
Corona Is NYC's Epicenter Of Coronavirus Outbreak | New York City, NY Patch patch.com/new-york/new-y… Posted by mikenov on Thursday, April 2nd, 2020 2:44pm mikenov on Twitter

» mikenov on Twitter: NYC map reveals poorer neighborhoods have higher rates of coronavirus mol.im/a/8178159 via @MailOnline
02/04/20 10:35 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
NYC map reveals poorer neighborhoods have higher rates of coronavirus mol.im/a/8178159 via @MailOnline Posted by mikenov on Thursday, April 2nd, 2020 2:35pm mikenov on Twitter

» NYC map shows patients testing positive for coronavirus
02/04/20 09:06 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
Michael_Novakhov shared this story from Julia Marsh – New York Post. Metro Share this: Facebook Twitter Flipboard WhatsApp Email Copy NYC map shows total cases testing positive for coronavirus by ZIP code By Julia Marsh View author archi...

» mikenov on Twitter: NYC map shows total cases testing positive for coronavirus by ZIP code nypost.com/2020/04/01/nyc… via @nypmetro
02/04/20 09:03 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
NYC map shows total cases testing positive for coronavirus by ZIP code nypost.com/2020/04/01/nyc… via @nypmetro Posted by mikenov on Thursday, April 2nd, 2020 1:03pm mikenov on Twitter

» mikenov on Twitter: NYC Coronavirus clusters - Google Search google.com/search?newwind…
02/04/20 08:53 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
NYC Coronavirus clusters - Google Search google.com/search?newwind… Posted by mikenov on Thursday, April 2nd, 2020 12:53pm mikenov on Twitter

» mikenov on Twitter: Australian authorities take cluster approach to contain coronavirus nypost.com/2020/03/31/aus… via @nypost
02/04/20 08:51 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
Australian authorities take cluster approach to contain coronavirus nypost.com/2020/03/31/aus… via @nypost Posted by mikenov on Thursday, April 2nd, 2020 12:51pm mikenov on Twitter

» mikenov on Twitter: Column: The DOJ just made it too easy to link coronavirus to terrorism latimes.com/opinion/story/…
02/04/20 08:38 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
Column: The DOJ just made it too easy to link coronavirus to terrorism latimes.com/opinion/story/… Posted by mikenov on Thursday, April 2nd, 2020 12:38pm mikenov on Twitter

» mikenov on Twitter: Comparative analyses of SAR-CoV2 genomes from different geographical locations and other coronavirus family genomes reveals unique features potentially consequential to host-virus interaction and pathogenesis biorxiv.org/content/10.110
02/04/20 08:35 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
Comparative analyses of SAR-CoV2 genomes from different geographical locations and other coronavirus family genomes reveals unique features potentially consequential to host-virus interaction and pathogenesis biorxiv.org/content/10.110… ...

» mikenov on Twitter: Coronavirus deaths: The stark differences in countries’ case fatality rates, explained - Vox vox.com/2020/4/1/21203…
02/04/20 08:31 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
Coronavirus deaths: The stark differences in countries’ case fatality rates, explained - Vox vox.com/2020/4/1/21203… Posted by mikenov on Thursday, April 2nd, 2020 12:31pm mikenov on Twitter

» mikenov on Twitter: problems with coronavirus statistics - Google Search google.com/search?q=probl…
02/04/20 08:31 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
problems with coronavirus statistics - Google Search google.com/search?q=probl… Posted by mikenov on Thursday, April 2nd, 2020 12:31pm mikenov on Twitter

» mikenov on Twitter: Several main factors account for much of the difference we’re seeing – and perhaps the most important come down to simply how we’re counting, as well as testing, cases. bbc.com/future/article…
02/04/20 08:28 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
Several main factors account for much of the difference we’re seeing – and perhaps the most important come down to simply how we’re counting, as well as testing, cases. bbc.com/future/article… Posted by mikenov on Thursday, April 2nd, 20...

» mikenov on Twitter: Coronavirus: Why death and mortality rates differ - BBC Future bbc.com/future/article…
02/04/20 08:27 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
Coronavirus: Why death and mortality rates differ - BBC Future bbc.com/future/article… Posted by mikenov on Thursday, April 2nd, 2020 12:27pm mikenov on Twitter

» mikenov on Twitter: RT @CNNPolitics: As tragic toll from virus rises, so do questions about Trump's leadership | Analysis cnn.it/3dTEUyH https://t.co/…
02/04/20 07:32 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
As tragic toll from virus rises, so do questions about Trump's leadership | Analysis cnn.it/3dTEUyH pic.twitter.com/T3dsbizD58 Posted by CNNPolitics on Thursday, April 2nd, 2020 11:27am Retweeted by mikenov on Thursday, April 2nd, 2020 1...

» mikenov on Twitter: RT @MiddleEastMnt: One year on with his offensive and Haftar is more determined but less successful middleeastmonitor.com/20200402-one-y… https://t.co/FI…
02/04/20 07:32 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
One year on with his offensive and Haftar is more determined but less successful middleeastmonitor.com/20200402-one-y… pic.twitter.com/FIPoQnITzd Posted by MiddleEastMnt on Thursday, April 2nd, 2020 11:28am Retweeted by mikenov on Thursd...

» mikenov on Twitter: RT @thehill: FBI processes record number of gun background checks in March hill.cm/YCROBCK pic.twitter.com/ptxd9ztYr7
02/04/20 07:31 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
FBI processes record number of gun background checks in March hill.cm/YCROBCK pic.twitter.com/ptxd9ztYr7 Posted by thehill on Thursday, April 2nd, 2020 11:28am Retweeted by mikenov on Thursday, April 2nd, 2020 11:31am 14 likes, 11 retwee...

» mikenov on Twitter: RT @nytimes: Ellis Marsalis was a pianist and educator who became the guiding force behind a late-20th-century resurgence in jazz. He has d…
02/04/20 07:31 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
Ellis Marsalis was a pianist and educator who became the guiding force behind a late-20th-century resurgence in jazz. He has died because of complications from the coronavirus. nyti.ms/2UzYU1j Posted by nytimes on Thursday, April 2nd, 20...

» mikenov on Twitter: RT @thehill: JUST IN: US reports 1,000 coronavirus deaths in one day, raising total over 5,000 hill.cm/gffHtJX https://t.co/12ERilS…
02/04/20 07:30 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
JUST IN: US reports 1,000 coronavirus deaths in one day, raising total over 5,000 hill.cm/gffHtJX pic.twitter.com/12ERilSPoK Posted by thehill on Thursday, April 2nd, 2020 11:25am Retweeted by mikenov on Thursday, April 2nd, 2020 11:30am...

» mikenov on Twitter: RT @DailyCaller: Japan’s Deputy Prime Minister Says The WHO Should Change Name To The China Health Organization. dailycaller.com/2020/04/01/jap…
02/04/20 07:29 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
Japan’s Deputy Prime Minister Says The WHO Should Change Name To The China Health Organization. dailycaller.com/2020/04/01/jap… Posted by DailyCaller on Thursday, April 2nd, 2020 11:15am Retweeted by mikenov on Thursday, April 2nd, 2020 ...

» mikenov on Twitter: strains of coronavirus by countries - Google Search google.com/search?q=strai…
02/04/20 07:24 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
strains of coronavirus by countries - Google Search google.com/search?q=strai… Posted by mikenov on Thursday, April 2nd, 2020 11:24am mikenov on Twitter

» mikenov on Twitter: RT @washingtonpost: Opinion: I think the president struck a different tone today, but then again, I am a goldfish wapo.st/2JxS4mM
02/04/20 07:12 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
Opinion: I think the president struck a different tone today, but then again, I am a goldfish wapo.st/2JxS4mM Posted by washingtonpost on Thursday, April 2nd, 2020 2:41am Retweeted by mikenov on Thursday, April 2nd, 2020 11:12am 870 like...

» mikenov on Twitter: RT @nytimes: With businesses closed and towns and cities emptied out across the world, people are getting a glimpse of what animals that us…
02/04/20 07:11 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
With businesses closed and towns and cities emptied out across the world, people are getting a glimpse of what animals that usually keep their distance do when they are left alone nyti.ms/3aCut09 Posted by nytimes on Wednesday, April 1st...

» mikenov on Twitter: Check them for hidden microphones! twitter.com/natomission_ru…
02/04/20 07:10 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
Check them for hidden microphones! twitter.com/natomission_ru…

» mikenov on Twitter: RT @CNNPolitics: Vice President Mike Pence seeks to blame the CDC and China for any delay in the US response to the coronavirus — not Presi…
02/04/20 07:09 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
Vice President Mike Pence seeks to blame the CDC and China for any delay in the US response to the coronavirus — not President Trump's initial failure to face reality cnn.it/3bKpFGk pic.twitter.com/1i14QYsegV Posted by CNNPolitics on Wed...

» mikenov on Twitter: RT @robert_spalding: Chinese Regime Using Pandemic to Advance Global Ambitions, Expert Says theepochtimes.com/chinese-regime…
02/04/20 07:08 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
Chinese Regime Using Pandemic to Advance Global Ambitions, Expert Says theepochtimes.com/chinese-regime… Posted by robert_spalding on Wednesday, April 1st, 2020 9:30pm Retweeted by mikenov on Thursday, April 2nd, 2020 11:08am 1751 likes,...

» mikenov on Twitter: RT @WhiteHouse: Cartels, criminals, and other malign actors may try to exploit this time of crisis to threaten Americans. President @real…
02/04/20 07:08 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
Cartels, criminals, and other malign actors may try to exploit this time of crisis to threaten Americans. President @realDonaldTrump won’t let that happen. pic.twitter.com/Zyvbf8msNE Posted by WhiteHouse on Wednesday, April 1st, 2020 10:...

» mikenov on Twitter: RT @DailyCaller: Chairman of the Joint Chiefs Gen. Mark Milley issues a warning to drug cartels who try to take advantage of the coronaviru…
02/04/20 07:07 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
Chairman of the Joint Chiefs Gen. Mark Milley issues a warning to drug cartels who try to take advantage of the coronavirus crisis: "This is the United States military. You will not penetrate this country. You will not get past Jump Stre...

» mikenov on Twitter: RT @thehill: Schiff drafting legislation to set up 9/11-style commission to review coronavirus response hill.cm/7onxhcT https://t.c…
02/04/20 07:07 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
Schiff drafting legislation to set up 9/11-style commission to review coronavirus response hill.cm/7onxhcT pic.twitter.com/3MKAFmnzjX Posted by thehill on Thursday, April 2nd, 2020 5:51am Retweeted by mikenov on Thursday, April 2nd, 2020...

» mikenov on Twitter: RT @washingtonpost: Exclusive: Anthony Fauci, the face of the U.S. response to the coronavirus pandemic, is facing growing threats to his p…
02/04/20 07:06 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
Exclusive: Anthony Fauci, the face of the U.S. response to the coronavirus pandemic, is facing growing threats to his personal safety, prompting the government to step up his security wapo.st/2R4CoM6 Posted by washingtonpost on Thursday,...

» mikenov on Twitter: RT @nytimes: Dr. Anthony Fauci, the leading U.S. expert on infectious diseases, will receive enhanced personal security after receiving thr…
02/04/20 07:06 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
Dr. Anthony Fauci, the leading U.S. expert on infectious diseases, will receive enhanced personal security after receiving threats, officials said. He has become a target of online conspiracy theorists after advocating social distancing ...

» mikenov on Twitter: RT @thehill: President Trump: "Number one on Facebook. Did you know I was number one on Facebook? I just found out I'm number one on Facebo…
02/04/20 07:06 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
President Trump: "Number one on Facebook. Did you know I was number one on Facebook? I just found out I'm number one on Facebook." pic.twitter.com/n8rB4hMMsZ Posted by thehill on Wednesday, April 1st, 2020 10:21pm Retweeted by mikenov on...

» mikenov on Twitter: RT @FrankFigliuzzi1: Masterful PR strategy to lead this press conference with a “new” counter drug strategy instead of talking about corona…
02/04/20 07:04 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
Masterful PR strategy to lead this press conference with a “new” counter drug strategy instead of talking about corona. Trump is trying to show control of something since he has lost control of corona. These are old plans, dusted off now...

» mikenov on Twitter: RT @EsperDoD: At the direction of the @POTUS, additional U.S. ships, aircraft, and security forces are underway to disrupt illegal drugs in…
02/04/20 07:04 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
At the direction of the @POTUS, additional U.S. ships, aircraft, and security forces are underway to disrupt illegal drugs into #America. pic.twitter.com/viJ5KTsoU3 Posted by EsperDoD on Thursday, April 2nd, 2020 1:40am Retweeted by mike...

» mikenov on Twitter: #Coronavirus Could #Spread Through #Pipes in #Buildings fbinewsreview.blogspot.com/2020/04/842-pm…
01/04/20 20:49 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
#Coronavirus Could #Spread Through #Pipes in #Buildings fbinewsreview.blogspot.com/2020/04/842-pm… Posted by mikenov on Thursday, April 2nd, 2020 12:49am mikenov on Twitter

» mikenov on Twitter: The #FBINews Review - fbinewsreview.blogspot.com - Blog by Michael Novakhov: 8:42 PM 4/1/2020 - Michael Novakhov – SharedNewsLi... fbinewsreview.blogspot.com/2020/04/842-pm…
01/04/20 20:48 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
The #FBINews Review - fbinewsreview.blogspot.com - Blog by Michael Novakhov: 8:42 PM 4/1/2020 - Michael Novakhov – SharedNewsLi... fbinewsreview.blogspot.com/2020/04/842-pm… Posted by mikenov on Thursday, April 2nd, 2020 12:48am mikenov ...

» mikenov on Twitter: The #FBI #News #Review - #fbinewsreview.blogspot.com - #Blog by #MichaelNovakhov: 8:42 PM 4/1/2020 - Michael Novakhov – SharedNewsLi... fbinewsreview.blogspot.com/2020/04/842-pm…
01/04/20 20:48 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
The #FBI #News #Review - #fbinewsreview.blogspot.com - #Blog by #MichaelNovakhov: 8:42 PM 4/1/2020 - Michael Novakhov – SharedNewsLi... fbinewsreview.blogspot.com/2020/04/842-pm… Posted by mikenov on Thursday, April 2nd, 2020 12:48am mik...

» mikenov on Twitter: The FBI News Review - fbinewsreview.blogspot.com - Blog by Michael Novakhov: 8:42 PM 4/1/2020 - Michael Novakhov – SharedNewsLi... fbinewsreview.blogspot.com/2020/04/842-pm…
01/04/20 20:47 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
The FBI News Review - fbinewsreview.blogspot.com - Blog by Michael Novakhov: 8:42 PM 4/1/2020 - Michael Novakhov – SharedNewsLi... fbinewsreview.blogspot.com/2020/04/842-pm… Posted by mikenov on Thursday, April 2nd, 2020 12:47am mikenov ...

» 8:42 PM 4/1/2020 - Michael Novakhov – SharedNewsLinks℠: Coronavirus Could Spread Through Pipes in Buildings, Officials Fear
01/04/20 20:46 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
Michael_Novakhov shared this story from The FBI News Review - fbinewsreview.blogspot.com - Blog by Michael Novakhov. Post Link: https://fbinewsreview.blogspot.com/2020/04/842-pm-412020-michael-novakhov.html _____________________________...

» mikenov on Twitter: Coronavirus Could Spread Through Pipes in Buildings, Officials Fear trumpandtrumpism.com/2020/04/01/cor…
01/04/20 20:45 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
Coronavirus Could Spread Through Pipes in Buildings, Officials Fear trumpandtrumpism.com/2020/04/01/cor… Posted by mikenov on Thursday, April 2nd, 2020 12:45am mikenov on Twitter

» Coronavirus Could Spread Through Pipes in Buildings, Officials Fear
01/04/20 20:33 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
Michael_Novakhov shared this story . Over 100 residents have been evacuated from an apartment building in Hong Kong after two people fell ill with the deadly new coronavirus , stoking fears 2019- nCoV could be spread through pipes. Hong ...

» mikenov on Twitter: new coronavirus spread through building pipes - Google Search google.com/search?q=new+c…
01/04/20 20:32 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
new coronavirus spread through building pipes - Google Search google.com/search?q=new+c… Posted by mikenov on Thursday, April 2nd, 2020 12:32am mikenov on Twitter

» Residents of evacuated Hong Kong apartments test negative for coronavirus
01/04/20 20:30 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
Michael_Novakhov shared this story . HONG KONG (Reuters) - Five Hong Kongers evacuated from a residential building where a man and woman confirmed with coronavirus live tested negative for the virus, health authorities said on Tuesday, e...

» WHO | Inadequate plumbing systems likely contributed to SARS transmission
01/04/20 20:28 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
Michael_Novakhov shared this story . Inadequate plumbing systems likely contributed to SARS transmission Geneva and Rome, 26 September 2003 - Inadequate plumbing is likely to have been a contributor to the spread of SARS in residential b...

» Can the new coronavirus spread through building pipes? | Live Science
01/04/20 20:26 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
Michael_Novakhov shared this story from Livescience.com.

» Coronavirus Live Updates: The Illness Now Has a Name: COVID-19 - The New York Times - 2.11.20
01/04/20 20:22 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
Michael_Novakhov shared this story . Infections in a Hong Kong building are raising fears about how the virus spreads. Hong Kong officials have put into quarantine dozens of residents of one apartment building after two people who live o...

» mikenov on Twitter: RT @julito77: I got a couple of more details to advance the excellent reporting from @MotherJones about this. Also waiting to hear from ICE…
01/04/20 16:59 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
I got a couple of more details to advance the excellent reporting from @MotherJones about this. Also waiting to hear from ICE if the detainees were tested for coronavirus. motherjones.com/politics/2020/… Posted by julito77 on Wednesday, ...

» mikenov on Twitter: RT @ScottMStedman: This is Dawn Sturgess. She died in the U.K. in 2018 after Putin ordered a chemical weapons attack against a different fa…
01/04/20 16:57 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
This is Dawn Sturgess. She died in the U.K. in 2018 after Putin ordered a chemical weapons attack against a different family. Remember her when you see the Russian military landing at JFK airport. pic.twitter.com/gJ4USirWVu Posted by Sco...

» mikenov on Twitter: Forensic epidemiological cluster analysis of the published data on the Coronavirus cases in Long Island, New York. fbinewsreview.blogspot.com/2020/04/mike-n…
01/04/20 16:52 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
Forensic epidemiological cluster analysis of the published data on the Coronavirus cases in Long Island, New York. fbinewsreview.blogspot.com/2020/04/mike-n… Posted by mikenov on Wednesday, April 1st, 2020 8:52pm mikenov on Twitter

» mikenov on Twitter: The #FBINews Review - fbinewsreview.blogspot.com - Blog by Michael Novakhov: Mike Nova’s Shared NewsLinks Review In 250 Brief P... fbinewsreview.blogspot.com/2020/04/mike-n…
01/04/20 16:52 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
The #FBINews Review - fbinewsreview.blogspot.com - Blog by Michael Novakhov: Mike Nova’s Shared NewsLinks Review In 250 Brief P... fbinewsreview.blogspot.com/2020/04/mike-n… Posted by mikenov on Wednesday, April 1st, 2020 8:52pm mikenov ...

» mikenov on Twitter: The FBI News Review - fbinewsreview.blogspot.com - Blog by Michael Novakhov: Mike Nova’s Shared NewsLinks Review In 250 Brief P... fbinewsreview.blogspot.com/2020/04/mike-n…
01/04/20 16:51 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
The FBI News Review - fbinewsreview.blogspot.com - Blog by Michael Novakhov: Mike Nova’s Shared NewsLinks Review In 250 Brief P... fbinewsreview.blogspot.com/2020/04/mike-n… Posted by mikenov on Wednesday, April 1st, 2020 8:51pm mikenov ...

» mikenov on Twitter: The #FBI #News #Review - fbinewsreview.blogspot.com - Blog by Michael Novakhov: Mike Nova’s Shared NewsLinks Review In 250 Brief P... fbinewsreview.blogspot.com/2020/04/mike-n…
01/04/20 16:51 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
The #FBI #News #Review - fbinewsreview.blogspot.com - Blog by Michael Novakhov: Mike Nova’s Shared NewsLinks Review In 250 Brief P... fbinewsreview.blogspot.com/2020/04/mike-n… Posted by mikenov on Wednesday, April 1st, 2020 8:51pm miken...

» Mike Nova’s Shared NewsLinks Review In 250 Brief Posts: Forensic epidemiological cluster analysis of the published data on the Coronavirus cases in Long Island, New York.
01/04/20 16:50 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
Michael_Novakhov shared this story from The FBI News Review - fbinewsreview.blogspot.com - Blog by Michael Novakhov. https://fbinewsreview.blogspot.com/2020/04/mike-novas-shared-newslinks-review-in.html » 2:47 PM 4/1/2020 - Here I woul...

» mikenov on Twitter: Совещание с членами Правительства • Президент России kremlin.ru/events/preside…
01/04/20 15:29 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
Совещание с членами Правительства • Президент России kremlin.ru/events/preside… Posted by mikenov on Wednesday, April 1st, 2020 7:29pm mikenov on Twitter

» Совещание с членами Правительства • Президент России
01/04/20 15:21 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
Michael_Novakhov shared this story . Совещание с членами Правительства Президент провёл совещание с членами Правительства. В режиме видеоконференции обсуждались вопросы борьбы с коронавирусной инфекцией, актуальные вопросы социально-экон...

» mikenov on Twitter: a piece of amateur #forensic #epidemiological #cluster #analysis of the published data on the #Coronavirus cases in #LongIsland, #NewYork. fbinewsreview.blogspot.com/2020/04/247-pm…
01/04/20 15:08 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
a piece of amateur #forensic #epidemiological #cluster #analysis of the published data on the #Coronavirus cases in #LongIsland, #NewYork. fbinewsreview.blogspot.com/2020/04/247-pm… Posted by mikenov on Wednesday, April 1st, 2020 7:08pm ...

» mikenov on Twitter: The #FBINews Review - fbinewsreview.blogspot.com - Blog by Michael Novakhov: 2:47 PM 4/1/2020 - Here I would like to offer you,... fbinewsreview.blogspot.com/2020/04/247-pm…
01/04/20 15:07 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
The #FBINews Review - fbinewsreview.blogspot.com - Blog by Michael Novakhov: 2:47 PM 4/1/2020 - Here I would like to offer you,... fbinewsreview.blogspot.com/2020/04/247-pm… Posted by mikenov on Wednesday, April 1st, 2020 7:07pm mikenov ...

» mikenov on Twitter: The #FBI #News #Review - #fbinewsreview.blogspot.com - #Blog by #MichaelNovakhov: 2:47 PM 4/1/2020 - Here I would like to offer you,... fbinewsreview.blogspot.com/2020/04/247-pm…
01/04/20 15:06 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
The #FBI #News #Review - #fbinewsreview.blogspot.com - #Blog by #MichaelNovakhov: 2:47 PM 4/1/2020 - Here I would like to offer you,... fbinewsreview.blogspot.com/2020/04/247-pm… Posted by mikenov on Wednesday, April 1st, 2020 7:06pm mik...

» 2:47 PM 4/1/2020 - Here I would like to offer you, my dear readers, a piece of amateur forensic epidemiological cluster analysis of the published data on the Coronavirus cases in Long Island, New York.
01/04/20 15:05 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
Michael_Novakhov shared this story from The FBI News Review - fbinewsreview.blogspot.com - Blog by Michael Novakhov. https://fbinewsreview.blogspot.com/2020/04/247-pm-412020-here-i-would-like-to.html _____________________________________...

» mikenov on Twitter: Brentwood is the site of Pilgrim State Hospital (once one of the world's largest hospitals...), now... Pilgrim PC. A 52-acre... portion of the psychiatric center was converted into the Brentwood State Park athletic field...Brentwood,
01/04/20 13:57 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
Brentwood is the site of Pilgrim State Hospital (once one of the world's largest hospitals...), now... Pilgrim PC. A 52-acre... portion of the psychiatric center was converted into the Brentwood State Park athletic field... Brentwood, Ne...

» mikenov on Twitter: #FBI #FBINews #LongIsland Huntington is a prime target for transit-oriented development. Currently, the largest proposal for TOD is Avalon Huntington Station, which will occupy a nearby lot southwest of the station & will contain
01/04/20 13:53 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
#FBI #FBINews #LongIsland Huntington is a prime target for transit-oriented development. Currently, the largest proposal for TOD is Avalon Huntington Station, which will occupy a nearby lot southwest of the station & will contain 530...

» COVID-19 clusters appear on map as testing ramps up on Long Island | Newsday
01/04/20 13:09 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
Michael_Novakhov shared this story from Health stories from Newsday. Drive-thru testing staff in Jericho share information from a phone. Credit: Newsday / J. Conrad Williams Jr. By David M. Schwartz, Matt Clark and Scott Eidler david.s...

» mikenov on Twitter: “There are more apartment buildings in that area than in the entire county,” said Nassau County Legis. Kevan Abrahams (D-Freeport), who represents Hempstead.COVID-19 clusters appear on map as testing ramps up on Long Island | Newsday
01/04/20 13:08 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
“There are more apartment buildings in that area than in the entire county,” said Nassau County Legis. Kevan Abrahams (D-Freeport), who represents Hempstead. COVID-19 clusters appear on map as testing ramps up on Long Island | Newsday ne...

» mikenov on Twitter: COVID-19 clusters appear on map as testing ramps up on Long Island | Newsday newsday.com/news/health/co…
01/04/20 12:59 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
COVID-19 clusters appear on map as testing ramps up on Long Island | Newsday newsday.com/news/health/co… Posted by mikenov on Wednesday, April 1st, 2020 4:59pm mikenov on Twitter

» mikenov on Twitter: cluster analysis of coronavirus cases in nyc - Google Search google.com/search?q=clust…
01/04/20 12:55 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
cluster analysis of coronavirus cases in nyc - Google Search google.com/search?q=clust… Posted by mikenov on Wednesday, April 1st, 2020 4:55pm mikenov on Twitter

» mikenov on Twitter: forensic epidemiology - Google Search google.com/search?q=foren…
01/04/20 12:53 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
forensic epidemiology - Google Search google.com/search?q=foren… Posted by mikenov on Wednesday, April 1st, 2020 4:53pm mikenov on Twitter

» mikenov on Twitter: #CDCJohn Snow (15 March 1813 – 16 June 1858[1]) was an English physician... He is considered one of the founders of modern epidemiology, in part because of his work in tracing the source of a cholera outbreak in Soho, London, in 1854.
01/04/20 12:28 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
#CDC John Snow (15 March 1813 – 16 June 1858[1]) was an English physician... He is considered one of the founders of modern epidemiology, in part because of his work in tracing the source of a cholera outbreak in Soho, London, in 1854. J...

» John Snow - Wikipedia
01/04/20 12:26 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
Michael_Novakhov shared this story from Wikipedia - Recent changes [en]. John Snow (15 March 1813 – 16 June 1858 [1] ) was an English physician and a leader in the development of anaesthesia and medical hygiene . He is considered one of ...

» mikenov on Twitter: Snow’s Cholera studies images.app.goo.gl/4YGW3wM44NEWy7…
01/04/20 12:24 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
Snow’s Cholera studies images.app.goo.gl/4YGW3wM44NEWy7… Posted by mikenov on Wednesday, April 1st, 2020 4:24pm mikenov on Twitter

» mikenov on Twitter: Snow’s Cholera studies images.app.goo.gl/aoQ6rnwf35Xf62…
01/04/20 12:23 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
Snow’s Cholera studies images.app.goo.gl/aoQ6rnwf35Xf62… Posted by mikenov on Wednesday, April 1st, 2020 4:23pm mikenov on Twitter

» mikenov on Twitter: Snow’s Cholera studies images.app.goo.gl/2Kkhrx9qUnebgZ…
01/04/20 12:22 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
Snow’s Cholera studies images.app.goo.gl/2Kkhrx9qUnebgZ… Posted by mikenov on Wednesday, April 1st, 2020 4:22pm mikenov on Twitter

» mikenov on Twitter: Snow’s Cholera studies images.app.goo.gl/C7mzEv1qKKEnyr…
01/04/20 12:21 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
Snow’s Cholera studies images.app.goo.gl/C7mzEv1qKKEnyr… Posted by mikenov on Wednesday, April 1st, 2020 4:21pm mikenov on Twitter

» mikenov on Twitter: Snow’s Cholera studies images.app.goo.gl/1phRzPC41cMWyn…
01/04/20 12:20 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
Snow’s Cholera studies images.app.goo.gl/1phRzPC41cMWyn… Posted by mikenov on Wednesday, April 1st, 2020 4:20pm mikenov on Twitter

» mikenov on Twitter: Snow’s Cholera studies images.app.goo.gl/RnzwUZkeM7CGDx…
01/04/20 12:20 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
Snow’s Cholera studies images.app.goo.gl/RnzwUZkeM7CGDx… Posted by mikenov on Wednesday, April 1st, 2020 4:20pm mikenov on Twitter

» mikenov on Twitter: Snow’s Cholera studies images.app.goo.gl/iouooKgQcFpJoF…
01/04/20 12:20 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
Snow’s Cholera studies images.app.goo.gl/iouooKgQcFpJoF… Posted by mikenov on Wednesday, April 1st, 2020 4:20pm mikenov on Twitter

» mikenov on Twitter: Snow’s Cholera studies images.app.goo.gl/jov7mwj9EVjnPP…
01/04/20 12:19 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
Snow’s Cholera studies images.app.goo.gl/jov7mwj9EVjnPP… Posted by mikenov on Wednesday, April 1st, 2020 4:19pm mikenov on Twitter

» mikenov on Twitter: Snow’s Cholera studies images.app.goo.gl/wZX6VBN3QXnatR…
01/04/20 12:19 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
Snow’s Cholera studies images.app.goo.gl/wZX6VBN3QXnatR… Posted by mikenov on Wednesday, April 1st, 2020 4:19pm mikenov on Twitter

» mikenov on Twitter: Snow’s Cholera studies images.app.goo.gl/BGsTsoLPAbizpg…
01/04/20 12:19 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
Snow’s Cholera studies images.app.goo.gl/BGsTsoLPAbizpg… Posted by mikenov on Wednesday, April 1st, 2020 4:19pm mikenov on Twitter

» mikenov on Twitter: #Snow’s #CholeraStudies images.app.goo.gl/jUtVbSjo4Gs1Qn…
01/04/20 12:18 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
#Snow’s #CholeraStudies images.app.goo.gl/jUtVbSjo4Gs1Qn… Posted by mikenov on Wednesday, April 1st, 2020 4:18pm mikenov on Twitter

» Snow’s Cholera studies - Google Search
01/04/20 12:14 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
Michael_Novakhov shared this story . John Snow (shown below) was a physician in London who spent several decades studying cholera in a systematic way. He is most often credited with solving an outbreak of cholera that occurred in London ...

» mikenov on Twitter: [Cluster statistical analysis in epidemiology]. - PubMed - NCBI ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27807962
01/04/20 12:08 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
[Cluster statistical analysis in epidemiology]. - PubMed - NCBI ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27807962 Posted by mikenov on Wednesday, April 1st, 2020 4:08pm mikenov on Twitter

» mikenov on Twitter: Disease clusters are aggregations of cases of a specific disease in space and/or time, in a community or an occupational group, at a level greater than expected by chance. Co-occurrences of cases are commonplace... google.com/search?q
01/04/20 12:04 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
Disease clusters are aggregations of cases of a specific disease in space and/or time, in a community or an occupational group, at a level greater than expected by chance. Co-occurrences of cases are commonplace... google.com/search?q=cl...

» mikenov on Twitter: cluster analysis epidemiology - Google Search google.com/search?q=clust…
01/04/20 12:02 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
cluster analysis epidemiology - Google Search google.com/search?q=clust… Posted by mikenov on Wednesday, April 1st, 2020 4:02pm mikenov on Twitter

» mikenov on Twitter: #FBI #FBINews #CIA #ODNI #USIntelligenceThis is the #real #Collusion: #Trump + #RussianMafia! They #conspired to bring to reality the old #dream of Trump's: to get rid of #NYC eyesore, its #PublicHousing #projects, and to #build the #
01/04/20 11:36 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
#FBI #FBINews #CIA #ODNI #USIntelligence This is the #real #Collusion: #Trump + #RussianMafia! They #conspired to bring to reality the old #dream of Trump's: to get rid of #NYC eyesore, its #PublicHousing #projects, and to #build the #lu...

» mikenov on Twitter: This is the real #Collusion: Trump + Russian Mafia! They conspired to bring to reality the old dream of Trump's: to get rid of the NYC eyesore, its public housing projects, and to build the luxury housing instead fbinewsreview.blogspot
01/04/20 11:32 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
This is the real #Collusion: Trump + Russian Mafia! They conspired to bring to reality the old dream of Trump's: to get rid of the NYC eyesore, its public housing projects, and to build the luxury housing instead fbinewsreview.blogspot.c...

» mikenov on Twitter: The #FBINews Review - fbinewsreview.blogspot.com - Blog by Michael Novakhov: 11:16 AM 4/1/2020 - Look at the Coronavirus map of... fbinewsreview.blogspot.com/2020/04/1116-a…
01/04/20 11:31 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
The #FBINews Review - fbinewsreview.blogspot.com - Blog by Michael Novakhov: 11:16 AM 4/1/2020 - Look at the Coronavirus map of... fbinewsreview.blogspot.com/2020/04/1116-a… Posted by mikenov on Wednesday, April 1st, 2020 3:31pm mikenov ...

» mikenov on Twitter: The #FBI #News #Review - #fbinewsreview.blogspot.com - #Blog by #MichaelNovakhov: 11:16 AM 4/1/2020 - Look at the #Coronavirus map of... fbinewsreview.blogspot.com/2020/04/1116-a…
01/04/20 11:31 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
The #FBI #News #Review - #fbinewsreview.blogspot.com - #Blog by #MichaelNovakhov: 11:16 AM 4/1/2020 - Look at the #Coronavirus map of... fbinewsreview.blogspot.com/2020/04/1116-a… Posted by mikenov on Wednesday, April 1st, 2020 3:31pm mi...

» 11:16 AM 4/1/2020 - Look at the Coronavirus map of New York City, it speaks for itself: This is the real Collusion: Trump + Russian Mafia! They conspired to bring to reality the old dream of Trump's: to get rid of the NYC eyesore, its public housing proje
01/04/20 11:30 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
Michael_Novakhov shared this story from The FBI News Review - fbinewsreview.blogspot.com - Blog by Michael Novakhov. https://fbinewsreview.blogspot.com/2020/04/1116-am-412020-look-at-coronavirus-map.html _________________________________...

» mikenov on Twitter: New York City's poorer neighborhoods hit hardest by coronavirus - Google Search google.com/search?q=New+Y…
01/04/20 10:56 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
New York City's poorer neighborhoods hit hardest by coronavirus - Google Search google.com/search?q=New+Y… Posted by mikenov on Wednesday, April 1st, 2020 2:56pm mikenov on Twitter

» mikenov on Twitter: coronavirus map of New York City images.app.goo.gl/GXz5svVtJ9V1Ue…
01/04/20 10:54 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
coronavirus map of New York City images.app.goo.gl/GXz5svVtJ9V1Ue… Posted by mikenov on Wednesday, April 1st, 2020 2:54pm mikenov on Twitter

» mikenov on Twitter: coronavirus map of New York City images.app.goo.gl/h6UqQvwB8piZfL…
01/04/20 10:52 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
coronavirus map of New York City images.app.goo.gl/h6UqQvwB8piZfL… Posted by mikenov on Wednesday, April 1st, 2020 2:52pm mikenov on Twitter

» mikenov on Twitter: Coronavirus map of New York shows Queens as epicenter mol.im/a/8162951 via @MailOnline
01/04/20 10:50 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
Coronavirus map of New York shows Queens as epicenter mol.im/a/8162951 via @MailOnline Posted by mikenov on Wednesday, April 1st, 2020 2:50pm mikenov on Twitter

» The coronavirus map of New York: City releases borough by borough breakdown of cases
01/04/20 10:50 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
Michael_Novakhov shared this story from News | Mail Online. Queens is emerging as the epicenter of the epicenter in New York City as the city reveals a borough by borough map which highlights the neighborhoods reporting the most positive...

» mikenov on Twitter: #Coronavirus #Epidemic in #NYC #map by #neighborhoods images.app.goo.gl/fMr6UXtqoLLiJc…
01/04/20 10:49 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
#Coronavirus #Epidemic in #NYC #map by #neighborhoods images.app.goo.gl/fMr6UXtqoLLiJc… Posted by mikenov on Wednesday, April 1st, 2020 2:49pm mikenov on Twitter

» mikenov on Twitter: #Coronavirus #Epidemic in #NYC #map by #neighborhoods images.app.goo.gl/WuhuCfLB53y7cJ…
01/04/20 10:48 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
#Coronavirus #Epidemic in #NYC #map by #neighborhoods images.app.goo.gl/WuhuCfLB53y7cJ… Posted by mikenov on Wednesday, April 1st, 2020 2:48pm mikenov on Twitter

» mikenov on Twitter: #Coronavirus #Epidemic in #NYC #map by #neighborhoods images.app.goo.gl/xyxEbKBcmreNTx…
01/04/20 10:47 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
#Coronavirus #Epidemic in #NYC #map by #neighborhoods images.app.goo.gl/xyxEbKBcmreNTx… Posted by mikenov on Wednesday, April 1st, 2020 2:47pm mikenov on Twitter

» mikenov on Twitter: #FBI #FBINews #CIA #ODNI #US #USIntelligence #Senate9:51 AM 4/1/2020 - M.N.: Is #CoronavirusEpidemicInNYC a #plot by the #RussianMafia to introduce the #virus into the #NYCProjectsHousing, following the #pattern of the #HongKongOutbre
01/04/20 10:44 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
#FBI #FBINews #CIA #ODNI #US #USIntelligence #Senate 9:51 AM 4/1/2020 - M.N.: Is #CoronavirusEpidemicInNYC a #plot by the #RussianMafia to introduce the #virus into the #NYCProjectsHousing, following the #pattern of the #HongKongOutbreak...

» mikenov on Twitter: The #FBINews Review - fbinewsreview.blogspot.com - Blog by Michael Novakhov: 9:51 AM 4/1/2020 - M.N.: Is Coronavirus Epidemic i... fbinewsreview.blogspot.com/2020/04/mn-is-…
01/04/20 10:40 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
The #FBINews Review - fbinewsreview.blogspot.com - Blog by Michael Novakhov: 9:51 AM 4/1/2020 - M.N.: Is Coronavirus Epidemic i... fbinewsreview.blogspot.com/2020/04/mn-is-… Posted by mikenov on Wednesday, April 1st, 2020 2:40pm mikenov ...

» mikenov on Twitter: The #FBI #News #Review - #fbinewsreview.blogspot.com - #Blog by #MichaelNovakhov: 9:51 AM 4/1/2020 - M.N.: Is #CoronavirusEpidemic i... fbinewsreview.blogspot.com/2020/04/mn-is-…
01/04/20 10:39 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
The #FBI #News #Review - #fbinewsreview.blogspot.com - #Blog by #MichaelNovakhov: 9:51 AM 4/1/2020 - M.N.: Is #CoronavirusEpidemic i... fbinewsreview.blogspot.com/2020/04/mn-is-… Posted by mikenov on Wednesday, April 1st, 2020 2:39pm mik...

» 9:51 AM 4/1/2020 - M.N.: Is Coronavirus Epidemic in NYC a plot by the Russian Mafia to introduce the virus into the NYC projects housing, following the pattern of the Hong Kong outbreak of SARS in 2003, so they could get rid of the projects and build thei
01/04/20 10:37 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
Michael_Novakhov shared this story from The FBI News Review - fbinewsreview.blogspot.com - Blog by Michael Novakhov. https://fbinewsreview.blogspot.com/2020/04/mn-is-coronavirus-epidemic-in-nyc-plot.html _________________________________...

» mikenov on Twitter: In mid-2003, authorities found that the design of bathroom floor drains lacked a replenishment system to keep the water traps filled... These were among the factors that contributed to the rapid spread of SARS in that complex.[7]Amoy
01/04/20 09:06 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
In mid-2003, authorities found that the design of bathroom floor drains lacked a replenishment system to keep the water traps filled... These were among the factors that contributed to the rapid spread of SARS in that complex.[7] Amoy Ga...

» mikenov on Twitter: Amoy Gardensamoy gardens apartment complex - Google Search google.com/search?q=amoy+…
01/04/20 08:11 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
Amoy Gardens amoy gardens apartment complex - Google Search google.com/search?q=amoy+… Posted by mikenov on Wednesday, April 1st, 2020 12:11pm mikenov on Twitter

» mikenov on Twitter: Amoy Gardens images.app.goo.gl/4MW6RLbwetQ6EF…
01/04/20 08:10 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
Amoy Gardens images.app.goo.gl/4MW6RLbwetQ6EF… Posted by mikenov on Wednesday, April 1st, 2020 12:10pm mikenov on Twitter

» mikenov on Twitter: Amoy Gardensamoy gardens apartment complex - Google Search google.com/search?q=amoy+…
01/04/20 08:09 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
Amoy Gardens amoy gardens apartment complex - Google Search google.com/search?q=amoy+… Posted by mikenov on Wednesday, April 1st, 2020 12:09pm mikenov on Twitter

» mikenov on Twitter: Environmental transmission of SARS at Amoy Gardens. - PubMed - NCBI ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16696450
01/04/20 08:04 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
Environmental transmission of SARS at Amoy Gardens. - PubMed - NCBI ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16696450 Posted by mikenov on Wednesday, April 1st, 2020 12:04pm mikenov on Twitter

» Environmental transmission of SARS at Amoy Gardens. - PubMed - NCBI
01/04/20 08:04 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
Michael_Novakhov shared this story from PubMed New and Noteworthy. J Environ Health. 2006 May;68(9):26-30; quiz 51-2. Environmental transmission of SARS at Amoy Gardens. McKinney KR 1 , Gong YY , Lewis TG . Author information 1 New York ...

» mikenov on Twitter: Hong Kong seals apartment building to contain SARS cidrap.umn.edu/news-perspecti…
01/04/20 07:58 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
Hong Kong seals apartment building to contain SARS cidrap.umn.edu/news-perspecti… Posted by mikenov on Wednesday, April 1st, 2020 11:58am mikenov on Twitter

» mikenov on Twitter: hong kong sars outbreak - Google Search google.com/search?newwind…
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hong kong sars outbreak - Google Search google.com/search?newwind… Posted by mikenov on Wednesday, April 1st, 2020 11:56am mikenov on Twitter

» mikenov on Twitter: hong kong sars outbreak in apartment building - Google Search google.com/search?newwind…
01/04/20 07:56 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
hong kong sars outbreak in apartment building - Google Search google.com/search?newwind… Posted by mikenov on Wednesday, April 1st, 2020 11:56am mikenov on Twitter

» Coronavirus pandemic | Take a look at some bizarre theories about COVID-19
01/04/20 07:44 from Mike Nova's Shared Newslinks
Michael_Novakhov shared this story from Moneycontrol Latest News.

» mikenov on Twitter: waterborne disease transmission - Google Search google.com/search?newwind…
31/03/20 21:00 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
waterborne disease transmission - Google Search google.com/search?newwind… Posted by mikenov on Wednesday, April 1st, 2020 1:00am mikenov on Twitter

» mikenov on Twitter: Waterborne diseases - Wikipedia en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterborn…
31/03/20 21:00 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
Waterborne diseases - Wikipedia en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterborn… Posted by mikenov on Wednesday, April 1st, 2020 1:00am mikenov on Twitter

» mikenov on Twitter: Coronavirus waterborne transmission - Google Search google.com/search?q=Coron…
31/03/20 20:59 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
Coronavirus waterborne transmission - Google Search google.com/search?q=Coron… Posted by mikenov on Wednesday, April 1st, 2020 12:59am mikenov on Twitter

» mikenov on Twitter: drinking water contamination by wastewater in apartment buildings piping systems - Google Search google.com/search?newwind…
31/03/20 20:57 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
drinking water contamination by wastewater in apartment buildings piping systems - Google Search google.com/search?newwind… Posted by mikenov on Wednesday, April 1st, 2020 12:57am mikenov on Twitter

» mikenov on Twitter: Hong Kong coronavirus and plumbing - Google Search google.com/search?q=Hong+…
31/03/20 20:55 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
Hong Kong coronavirus and plumbing - Google Search google.com/search?q=Hong+… Posted by mikenov on Wednesday, April 1st, 2020 12:55am mikenov on Twitter

» mikenov on Twitter: Hong Kong coronavirus and plumbing images.app.goo.gl/8xSFGUmF45dE3F…
31/03/20 20:54 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
Hong Kong coronavirus and plumbing images.app.goo.gl/8xSFGUmF45dE3F… Posted by mikenov on Wednesday, April 1st, 2020 12:54am mikenov on Twitter

» mikenov on Twitter: Hong Kong coronavirus and plumbing images.app.goo.gl/5gnmjjTudzuEuL…
31/03/20 20:53 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
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» mikenov on Twitter: Hong Kong coronavirus and plumbing images.app.goo.gl/GAzTTyrfCuEPNQ…
31/03/20 20:52 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
Hong Kong coronavirus and plumbing images.app.goo.gl/GAzTTyrfCuEPNQ… Posted by mikenov on Wednesday, April 1st, 2020 12:52am mikenov on Twitter

» mikenov on Twitter: Hong Kong coronavirus and plumbing images.app.goo.gl/otQy9EjrwjwZFS…
31/03/20 20:51 from TWEETS BY MIKENOV from mikenova (1 sites)
Hong Kong coronavirus and plumbing images.app.goo.gl/otQy9EjrwjwZFS… Posted by mikenov on Wednesday, April 1st, 2020 12:51am mikenov on Twitter

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1:19 PM 4/4/2020 - Cluster Analysis of Coronavirus cases in the U.S.: The hypothesis of transmission by the fecal aerosols to respiratory tract

Scientists say coronavirus can spread through ‘aerosolized feces’

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Lifting the lid on toilet plume aerosol: A literature review with suggestions for future research

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusion

DO FLUSH TOILETS PRODUCE POTENTIALLY INFECTIOUS AEROSOLS?

DOES TOILET PLUME POSE A RISK FOR THE SPREAD OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE?

Contact transmission risk because of surface contamination by flush droplets

Airborne transmission risk because of toilet plume droplet nuclei

Epidemiologic studies of disease outbreaks possibly related to toilet plume

WHAT FUTURE RESEARCH IS NEEDED TO FURTHER CHARACTERIZE THE RISKS OF EXPOSURE TO TOILET PLUME?

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

Footnotes

References

CoronaVirus News | CoronaVirus News Review In Brief

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